English Learning for Curious Minds
Are you looking for a more interesting way to learn English?
English Learning for Curious Minds is a podcast for intermediate-advanced English learners.
Learn weird and wonderful things about the world at the same time as improving your English.
Every episode comes with an interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary and is spoken at a speed you can understand.
Join listeners from 189 countries and discover a more interesting way of improving your English.
Find the bonus episodes, interactive transcripts, subtitles, key vocabulary, and more at www.leonardoenglish.com
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#553 | A Short History Of The Minimum Wage
In this episode, we'll explore the complex world of minimum wage laws, from their surprising origins in Australia and New Zealand to modern debates around their effectiveness.
Do they protect the lowest-paid workers, or do they do more damage than good?
- History of the minimum wage globally
- Early minimum wage laws in Australia and New Zealand
- Introduction of minimum wage in the UK and the US
- Arguments for and against minimum wage
- Impact of the minimum wage on businesses
- Regional variations in minimum wage
- Alternatives to the minimum wage
- Minimum wage and wage growth in the UK
- Comparison of minimum wage with skilled jobs
- Political perspectives on the minimum wage
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/minimum-wage
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#550 | The Egyptian Revolution
In 2011, Egypt erupted in protest, toppling a 30-year regime.
What began as a grassroots movement against an autocratic leader turned into a complex struggle for democracy and power.
In this episode, we'll travel through the events that led from the hopeful dawn of revolution to the military's return to power, and see how social media and global events played pivotal roles in shaping modern Egypt.
- Egypt's conditions ripe for revolution in 2011
- Hosni Mubarak's rule and use of emergency laws
- Impact of Tunisian Revolution on Egypt
- Rise of protests on Egyptian Police Day 2011
- Role of social media in Egyptian protests
- Mubarak's resignation and military's interim government
- Muslim Brotherhood's rise and Morsi's presidency
- Morsi's overreach and public dissatisfaction
- Army's intervention and Sisi's rise to power
- Repression and return to authoritarian rule under Sisi
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/egyptian-revolution
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#548 | The Salem Witch Trials
In this episode, we'll explore the eerie events of the Salem Witch Trials, a chilling tale of suspicion, fear, and injustice in 17th-century Massachusetts.
Discover how a village turned against itself, leading to the execution of innocent people amidst accusations of witchcraft, and consider the theories behind what really happened.
- The harsh winter of 1692 in Massachusetts
- Puritans' fear of the devil and witchcraft
- Witch accusations in Salem Village
- Tituba's confession and impact
- Spectral evidence in Salem court trials
- Tragic outcomes of the witch trials
- Ergot fungus and mass hysteria theories
- Social tensions and personal vendettas in Salem
- Aftermath and attempts to right wrongs
- Exoneration of Elizabeth Johnson Jr. in 2022
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/salem-witch-trials
Episode about The History of Witches: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/witches
"Weird history" episodes: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcast-tags/weird-history
"Horror" episodes: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcast-tags/horror
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#545 | The Life of Lawrence of Arabia
In part one of this three-part mini-series, we'll explore the captivating life of T.E. Lawrence, the British archaeologist and army officer known as "Lawrence of Arabia."
Discover how he fought alongside Arabian tribesmen during World War I in their quest for independence, all while knowing an uncomfortable secret.
- The early life and interests of T.E. Lawrence
- Lawrence's work as an archaeologist in the Middle East
- The Ottoman Empire and World War I context
- Lawrence's role with Arab forces against Ottomans
- The strategy of guerrilla warfare and victory at Aqaba
- Lawrence's experience and trauma in Deraa
- The broken promises of the Sykes-Picot Agreement
- Lawrence's return to Britain and later life
- The lasting impact of Lawrence on the Middle East
- Varied perceptions of T.E. Lawrence's legacy
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/lawrence-arabia
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#543 | From Temples to Duty-Free | The Ancient History of Modern Perfume
In this episode, we'll explore the fascinating history of perfume, tracing its journey from Ancient Mesopotamia to its artistic development in France.
We'll learn how scents have evolved from practical uses to luxury items, and discover the intriguing world of “grands nez,” the master perfumers who dedicate their lives to crafting these aromatic masterpieces.
- Perfume origins: from Mesopotamia to Middle Eastern innovation
- Ancient perfume use: religious rituals and practical odour cover
- Egypt: Perfume as a status symbol in hot climates
- Cleopatra and the power of scent
- Roman perfume indulgence and imported fragrances
- French perfume evolution: From leather gloves to luxury
- Grasse: The perfume capital of the world
- Why perfume is expensive: ingredients and branding
- Becoming a "grand nez": the perfumer's journey
- Perfume's artistic and historical significance across cultures
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/perfume
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#540 | Mustafa Kemal Atatürk | The Father of Modern Turkey
In this episode, we'll explore the life of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey.
Discover how he turned a fragmented resistance into a national movement, established a secular republic from imperial ruins, and why he’s still called "The Father of the Turks."
- Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's famous 36-hour speech, Nutuk
- Decline and Fall of the Ottoman Empire
- Reasons for the Ottoman Empire's decline
- The Ottoman Empire's defeat in World War I
- Mustafa Kemal's rise as a military leader
- Turkish War of Independence overview
- Establishment of the Republic of Turkey
- Atatürk's radical reforms and modernisation
- Introduction of secularism and language reform
- Legacy of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/mustafa-kemal-ataturk
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[Bonus] The 2008 Financial Crisis and Housing Bubble – Past Perfect Continuous (English Grammar Lesson)
In this episode of Thinking in English, host Tom Wilkinson explores the past perfect continuous tense, using the 2008 financial crisis as a case study.
The episode covers the grammar rules and structures of the past perfect continuous tense, emphasising its usage to describe actions that started in the past, continued for some time, and were ongoing or just finished before another event.
The lesson includes in-depth examples and concludes with a discussion on Michael Burry, who had been predicting the financial collapse for years.
Links
Website - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/
Study Pack - https://www.patreon.com/thinkinginenglish/shop/study-packs-past-present-and-future-807289
TiE Patreon - https://www.patreon.com/c/thinkinginenglish
Find Out More - https://linktr.ee/thinkinginenglishpod
00:00 Introduction
01:39 Grammar Lesson
04:42 Financial Crisis and Past Perfect Continuous
10:56 Final Thought
#538 | Percy Fawcett | The Real Life Indiana Jones
In this episode, we'll explore the incredible story of Percy Fawcett, a daring British explorer who vanished in the Amazon rainforest while searching for the mythical city he called "Z."
Often compared to a real-life Indiana Jones, Fawcett's life was filled with adventure, mystery, and a relentless quest to prove the Amazon held secrets beyond our imagination.
- Percy Fawcett: Real-life Indiana Jones
- Fawcett's early life and aristocratic background
- His fascination with exploration and adventure
- His expeditions in the Amazon rainforest
- Fawcett's quest for the lost city "Z"
- Impact of World War I on Fawcett's views
- 1925 expedition disappearance with son and friend
- Various theories on Fawcett's mysterious fate
- Legacy and influence of Percy Fawcett's explorations
- The possible existence of advanced Amazon civilisations
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/percy-fawcett
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The Freezer Door [Easy Stories In English]
A woman has a loving husband and children, and she's great at her job. So why is she sad? One day, she opens the freezer door and sees the way into another world. If she goes, she will lose her husband and children. But could she be happy there?
Go to EasyStoriesInEnglish.com/Door for the full transcript.
Level: Beginner.
Genre: Philosophical.
Vocabulary: Freeze, Freezer, Cheek, Pick at, Kid, Nightmare, Gooseberry, Cliff, Sober, Weigh something up, Parallel universe.
Setting: Modern.
Word Count: 1517.
Author: Ariel Goodbody.
#536 | A Brief History of Mercenaries
In this episode, we'll explore the fascinating history of mercenaries, taking you from the era of Italian condottieri to the modern day with groups like Blackwater and Wagner.
You'll learn how these soldiers for hire have evolved, the reasons nations use or avoid them, and their impact on 21st-century warfare.
- What are mercenaries? Definition and historical context.
- Origins and role of freelance knights in Medieval Europe.
- Renaissance Italy: The rise of the condottieri.
- Impact and decline of the condottieri.
- Blackwater: A modern private military company.
- Private Military Contractors and international law issues.
- The Wagner Group and its ties to Russia.
- Wagner's global influence and alleged war crimes.
- Mercenaries in business and war: Ethical dilemmas.
- Future of warfare with mercenary involvement.
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/mercenaries
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#533 | The Science of Leap Years
Leap years help keep our calendars in sync with Earth's orbit, but have you ever wondered why we need them?
In this episode, we explore the history of leap years, covering early human calendars, Julius Caesar's reforms, and the adjustments introduced by Pope Gregory XIII.
- Why do we need leap years?
- Earth's orbit and the solar year explained
- How the first calendars were created
- Egyptian and Roman calendar systems
- The Julian calendar's introduction of leap years
- Inaccuracies in Caesar's calendar calculations
- The Gregorian calendar and its leap-year rule
- Challenges in adopting the Gregorian calendar
- Alternative calendar systems proposed over time
- The impossibility of changing Earth's orbit for an exact year
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/science-leap-years
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#530 | Vladimir Putin: Russia’s Modern Tsar
In this episode, we will explore Vladimir Putin's unlikely journey from a rat-catching streetfighter to the modern-day tsar of Russia.
We'll look at his rise to power, some of the accusations about what it took to get there, the key decisions that have defined his 25-year rule, and question how history will remember his legacy.
- Vladimir Putin's early life and rise to power
- Siege of Leningrad during World War Two
- Putin's upbringing in poverty and street life
- Putin's early interest in the KGB
- Putin's political career and rise in St Petersburg
- Connections and corruption allegations in early political life
- Putin becomes Russia's Prime Minister in 1999
- Controversy surrounding the 1999 apartment bombings
- Consolidation of power and suppression of opposition
- Putin's use of poison to eliminate opponents
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/putin-modern-tsar
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#528 | The Stanford Prison Experiment
In this episode, we'll learn about the notorious Stanford Prison Experiment, known for revealing human behaviour's dark side in simulated prison conditions.
We'll discuss its purpose, dramatic events, the ethical concerns it raised, and question what it truly tells us about human nature.
- Purpose of the Stanford Prison Experiment
- Recruitment and setup of the experiment
- Guards' roles and behaviour
- Prisoners' arrest and treatment
- Escalating conflict and rebellion
- Psychological impact on participants
- Christina Maslach's intervention
- Ethical criticisms and flaws
- Impact on psychology and debates
- Lessons on human behaviour and power dynamics
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/stanford-prison-experiment
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#526 | Space Mining | The Future or Science Fiction?
Space mining sounds like something out of science fiction, but could it soon become reality?
In this episode, we'll explore how the idea of mining asteroids for valuable minerals might work, the challenges it faces, and whether it truly could be a better alternative to mining on Earth.
- Discovery of asteroid 16 Psyche and its immense value
- Asteroids as sources of precious metals
- Challenges of travelling and mining in space
- Difference between asteroids, planets, and the asteroid belt
- Decline in space travel costs and impact on mining
- Technical hurdles of mining on asteroids
- Legal and ethical concerns of asteroid ownership
- Potential impact on Earth's economy and environment
- Possibility of using space resources in space
- Future of asteroid mining and recent NASA missions
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/space-mining
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#523 | The Mysterious World of Secret Societies
In this episode, we'll enter the shadowy realm of secret societies.
We'll uncover the mysterious history, influence, and rituals of three infamous groups: Skull and Bones, the Knights Templar, and the Freemasons.
From elite university clubs to a medieval order with financial power, we'll learn what makes these societies so compelling.
- The concept of secret societies
- Description of Skull and Bones at Yale University
- Famous members of Skull and Bones
- Initiation rituals of Skull and Bones
- History and role of the Knights Templar
- Downfall of the Knights Templar
- Knights Templar in modern times and conspiracy theories
- Overview of Freemasonry origins and symbolism
- Freemasonry's secrecy and global influence
- The allure and mystery of secret societies
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/secret-societies
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#521 | “A Heartbeat Away” | The Role Of The US Vice President
In this episode, we will explore the evolving role of the Vice President of the United States.
We will examine the unique pathway this role offers to the presidency and discuss why the current Vice President may be one of the most influential in history.
- Role of the Vice President in U.S. politics
- Historical pathway from Vice President to President
- Kamala Harris's attempt to go from Vice President to President
- Evolution of the Vice Presidency over time
- Impacts of the 12th and 25th Amendments
- Vice Presidents' influence on American governance
- JD Vance as Donald Trump’s Vice President
- Prospects for JD Vance in the next presidential election
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/us-vice-presidents
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#518 | Atoms For Peace | The Early Years of Nuclear Power
In part one of our mini-series on nuclear energy, we'll explore the origins of nuclear power as it emerged alongside nuclear weapons.
Learn how President Eisenhower envisioned "Atoms for Peace" and how political events like the 1973 oil crisis propelled nuclear energy into the spotlight.
- Development of nuclear power and weapons together
- Eisenhower's "Atoms for Peace" speech
- How nuclear energy is created
- Global cooperation in nuclear technology
- 1973 oil crisis and nuclear energy rise
- France's Messmer Plan for nuclear independence
- Protests against nuclear energy in West Germany
- Three Mile Island incident raises nuclear safety concerns
- Nuclear reactors' efficiency improvements in the 1980s
- Preview of next episode: Chernobyl Disaster
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/early-nuclear
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#516 | Journey to the Deep: A Short History of Underwater Exploration
From ancient diving bells to the groundbreaking descent of the Mariana Trench, in this episode, we'll uncover tales of bravery, innovation, and the pursuit of knowledge beneath the waves.
- Ancient history of exploring the ocean's depths
- Aristotle's theoretical diving concept in the 4th Century BC
- Early diving bell inventions and Alexander the Great myth
- Magellan's attempt to measure ocean depth in 1521
- The invention of the first submarine by Cornelis Drebbel
- David Bushnell's "Turtle" and its military attempts
- HMS Challenger's oceanographic expedition reveals deep-sea life
- Discovery of the Mariana Trench's Challenger Deep
- First manned descent into Mariana Trench in 1960
- Current understanding and mystery of Earth's deep oceans
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/underwater-exploration
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#513 | The UK University Crisis
The UK is home to some of the best universities in the world, but there is a growing crisis happening at British universities
In this episode, we'll explain what this crisis is, why British universities are in this unusual position, and learn about the key challenges facing the British university sector.
- UK university funding crisis explained
- Role of tuition fees in university income
- Impact of Brexit on EU student numbers
- Importance of international students in university finances
- Risks of relying on limited countries for students
- Universities running at a financial deficit
- Impact of financial strain on less prestigious universities
- Debate on course offerings based on economic value
- Long-term sustainability of the UK university system
- Role of universities in the 21st century education debate
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/uk-university-crisis
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#511 | The Death Of Princess Diana
In August 1997, a tragic car crash in Paris claimed the life of Princess Diana, a beloved figure known for her compassion and humanitarian work.
In this episode, we'll explore the events leading up to the accident, the role of the paparazzi, and the lasting impact on the world.
- Death of Princess Diana
- Car crash in Paris
- Chase by paparazzi
- Immediate aftermath and public grief
- Diana's early life and marriages
- Diana's humanitarian work
- British Royal Family's reaction
- Diana's funeral and public response
- Theories and official inquest on her death
- Legacy and lessons from her tragedy
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/princess-diana
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#508 | A Short History of Crime and Punishment in Britain
In part one of a three-part mini-series, we'll explore the fascinating history of crime and punishment in Britain, from medieval justice to the infamous Bloody Code.
In this episode, you'll learn how the harsh consequences for even minor crimes evolved over the centuries, leading to the modern justice system.
- Jean Valjean's punishment in Les Miserables vs. Britain.
- The Bloody Code and its severe punishments.
- Justice system in early medieval Britain.
- William the Conqueror's legal reforms in 1066.
- Development of trial by jury in Britain.
- Punishments in the late medieval and Tudor periods.
- Rise and fall of the Bloody Code.
- Enlightenment thinkers’ impact on justice.
- Shift towards imprisonment and rehabilitation.
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/crime-punishment-britain
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#506 | Citizens of Nowhere: The Stateless Bidoon of Kuwait
What happens when your country refuses to grant you citizenship?
This is the reality for the Bidoon, a group of nomadic people in Kuwait who claim to be Kuwaiti but remain stateless and are forced to live on the margins of society.
- Who are the Bidoon of Kuwait?
- Why the Bidoon are stateless
- Kuwait's history and its impact on Bidoon
- The Bidoon’s nomadic lifestyle
- Kuwaiti citizenship laws
- The plight of the Bidoon today
- Challenges faced by Bidoon families
- Kuwait’s reasons for marginalising the Bidoon
- International pressure on Kuwait
- Possible future for the Bidoon
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/bidoon
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#504 | Liquid Gold | The Great Canadian Maple Syrup Robbery
Discover the incredible story of The Great Canadian Maple Syrup Robbery, where cunning criminals stole $18 million worth of maple syrup.
In this episode, we'll learn about the surprising details of this sticky crime and the unusual fight between the free market and government regulation in the world of Canadian maple syrup.
- Maple syrup: liquid gold from maple trees
- Quebec's maple syrup market dominance
- FPAQ's role in regulating syrup production
- Quotas and the strategic maple syrup reserve
- The emergence of a maple syrup black market
- Convicted fraudster Avik Caron and his plan
- Coordination among thieves to steal maple syrup
- The execution of the year-long theft operation
- Discovery and investigation of the $18 million theft
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/maple-syrup
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#501 | George Best: The Wild Life of Football's Lost Star
George Best is seen as one of the most naturally talented footballers ever, but off the pitch, he battled demons.
From his glittering career at Manchester United to his struggles with alcoholism, in this episode, we'll learn about the wild life of one of football's greats.
- Life and career of George Best
- Comparison with modern footballers
- George Best's early career
- His rise to fame in the 1960s
- Best's off-pitch controversies and lifestyle
- Struggles with alcoholism
- Decline in football career and final years
- Financial issues and generosity
- Legacy and what went wrong
- Final reflections on his life
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/george-best
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#500 | This is Episode #500
In this milestone episode, we will deviate from the usual style of weird and wonderful stories.
Instead, I'll take you behind the scenes of the podcast, share some never-before-revealed information, and tell you about an update to our programming schedule.
- Introduction & Milestone Celebration
- Starting the Podcast Journey
- Behind the Scenes: Research & Production
- Listener Demographics & Podcast Growth
- Expanding Beyond the Podcast
- Changes to the Production Schedule
- Reasons for the New Schedule
- Conclusion & Community Engagement
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/500
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#498 | Ozempic - The Weight Loss Miracle Drug?
Some call it a miracle drug, others warn of its potentially damaging long-term effects on people and society.
In this episode, we'll look at the history of this drug, how it works, why it's popular, and what it reveals about American food and healthcare systems.
- Introduction to Ozempic
- American obesity and food issues
- How Ozempic works
- History and approval of Ozempic
- Ozempic’s impact on weight loss
- Popularity among celebrities
- Criticisms and side effects
- FDA approval concerns
- Long-term dependency on Ozempic
- Ultra-processed American food impact
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/ozempic
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#496 | Labour Won The Election. Now What?
The UK has a new Prime Minister, Keir Starmer, and Labour is back in power.
We discuss what this means for Britain, including Starmer's background, his proposed policies, and the challenges that lie ahead.
- Results of the UK general election
- New Prime Minister: Keir Starmer
- Labour Party’s winning manifesto
- Background on Keir Starmer
- Proposed policies of the Labour Party
- Challenges facing the new government
- Housing crisis and proposed solutions
- Explanation of NIMBY
- Public spending and potential tax changes
- UK’s future relationship with the EU
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/labour-election
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#494 | The Haitian Revolution
The Haitian Revolution is a story of extreme violence, hope, and human rights.
Learn how slaves in Saint-Domingue fought against brutal conditions and multiple European powers to establish the first free black-led nation in the world.
- Overview of the Haitian Revolution
- Toussaint L’Ouverture’s early life and significance
- Colonisation of Saint-Domingue by the French
- Brutal conditions for slaves in Saint-Domingue
- Different social groups in Saint-Domingue
- Impact of the French Revolution
- Initial uprisings led by Vincent Ogé
- 1791 slave uprising initiated by Dutty Boukman
- Toussaint L’Ouverture’s rise to power
- Haitian independence declared in 1804
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/haitian-revolution
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#492 | Cool Britannia | 1990s Britain
In this episode, we'll travel back to the 1990s and uncover the story of "Cool Britannia," a time when Britain experienced a cultural renaissance.
From Oasis to Tony Blair, The Spice Girls to Damien Hirst, we'll learn how politics, music, fashion, and art intertwined to create one of the most vibrant eras in recent British history.
- Cool Britannia: A 1990s British cultural renaissance
- Vanity Fair's iconic 1997 cover: Liam Gallagher, Patsy Kensit
- Tony Blair's "New Labour" and political change in 1990s
- Blair's 1997 Downing Street party with cultural icons
- Britpop bands: Oasis, Blur, Pulp
- The Spice Girls' impact and Union Jack symbolism
- Young British Artists: Tracy Emin, Damian Hirst
- London as the creative and affordable cultural hub
- Economic influence of Britain's creative industries
- Criticisms and nostalgia for the Cool Britannia period
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/cool-britannia
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#490 | JK Rowling & Transgenderism
JK Rowling, famous for Harry Potter, is now at the centre of a controversial debate on transgender rights.
We'll explore her views, why they've sparked so much outrage and support, and the impact on free speech laws in the UK.
- JK Rowling and her views on transgenderism
- Tweet supporting Maya Forstater’s views on sex and gender
- Public reaction: support and death threats
- Her article explaining her five reasons for speaking out
- Impact on education and safeguarding
- Freedom of speech concerns
- Personal experiences influencing her opinion
- Criticism from Harry Potter actors
- Scottish Hate Crime and Public Order Act of 2024
- Ongoing role in the public debate on transgender issues
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/rowling-transgenderism
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#488 | John Stonehouse | The Politician Who Faked His Death
John Stonehouse, a promising British politician, disappeared off the Miami coast.
Had he drowned in a swimming accident? Had he been eaten by sharks?
To everyone's surprise, he turned up in Australia a few weeks later with a new identity...
- John Stonehouse: Charismatic British politician
- Disappeared from a Miami beach in 1974
- Mysterious reappearance in Australia
- Stonehouse's financial and personal troubles
- Speculation about Stonehouse being a Czech spy
- John Stonehouse's affair with his secretary
- Impersonation and multiple fake identities
- Legal trial and prison sentence
- Impact on British politics and the Labour party
- Stonehouse's final years and death
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/john-stonehouse
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#486 | North vs. South | The Great English Divide
What's the difference between the North and the South of England?
And when does the "North" end and the "South" start?
In this episode, we'll explore these questions, and touch on differences in accents, lifestyles, and even what people call their evening meal.
- The origins of the north-south divide in England
- The fuzzy line dividing north and south
- Common stereotypes of northerners and southerners
- The impact of the Industrial Revolution on the north
- The decline of northern industries in the 20th century
- Margaret Thatcher's role in closing northern coal mines
- Economic and educational disparities between North and South
- Regional differences in life expectancy and health
- Variation in vocabulary and accents across regions
- Institutional prejudice against Northern accents
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/north-vs-south
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#484 | Robert Fortune: The Man Who Stole Tea From China
Robert Fortune, a Scottish botanist, pulled off one of history's greatest acts of corporate espionage: stealing the secrets of tea production from China.
In this episode we'll explore his daring adventure, the fascinating world of 19th-century tea trade, and how his actions forever changed the global tea industry.
- Robert Fortune's theft of tea from China
- Importance of tea to Britain
- Opium trade with China
- Impact of Opium Wars
- Restrictions on foreign travel in China
- Fortune's disguise and exploration
- Discovery of tea production methods
- Transportation of tea plants to India
- Success of the Indian tea industry
- Robert Fortune's legacy
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/robert-fortune
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#482 | Ayn Rand & The Philosophy of Objectivism
Ayn Rand is one of the most controversial thinkers of the 20th century.
In this episode, we'll explore her philosophy of Objectivism, which champions rational self-interest and free-market capitalism, and discuss why her ideas remain divisive today.
- Ayn Rand's life and background
- Philosophy of Objectivism
- "The Fountainhead" and its themes
- Success and controversy of "Atlas Shrugged"
- Core beliefs of Objectivism
- Role of government in Objectivism
- Rational self-interest explained
- Controversies and criticisms of Objectivism
- Ayn Rand's impact and legacy
- Rand's personal life contradictions
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/ayn-rand
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#480 | Marcus Aurelius | The Philosopher Emperor
Meet Marcus Aurelius, the Roman Emperor who combined power with philosophy.
In this episode, we'll learn about his famous work, "Meditations", and explore five key ideas that still resonate today.
- Introduction to Marcus Aurelius
- Importance of his book "Meditations"
- Control what you can, ignore what you can't
- Live according to nature and rationality
- Continuous self-reflection and self-examination
- Embrace and welcome fate
- Awareness of impermanence and mortality
- Authenticity and practical advice
- Aurelius' personal struggles and resilience
- Modern resurgence of Stoicism and its relevance today
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/marcus-aurelius
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#478 | The UK General Election (2024)
The British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak has called an early general election in the UK, surprising many.
We'll explore why he made this decision, the main themes of the election, and who could be the next Prime Minister.
- Rishi Sunak calls an early election for July 4th.
- History of Conservative leadership since 2010.
- British Prime Ministers’ unpopularity and challenges.
- Reasons behind Rishi Sunak's early election call.
- Overview of the UK’s “first past the post” system.
- Key candidates: Rishi Sunak vs. Keir Starmer.
- Keir Starmer’s political strategy and criticisms.
- Conservative Party’s campaign focus on trust and economy.
- Labour’s campaign focus on change and social issues.
- Embarrassing moments during Sunak's election announcement.
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/uk-general-election
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#476 | The Glasgow Ice Cream Wars
Ice cream vans can be a sweet memory for many, but for Glasgow in the 1980s, they were anything but.
From selling drugs to inciting gang wars and even murder, we'll uncover the dark and shocking tale of the Glasgow Ice Cream Wars.
- Background to The Glasgow Ice Cream Wars
- Ice cream vans in Glasgow
- Living conditions in Glasgow schemes
- Ice cream van territory fights
- Criminals entering the ice cream trade
- Organised crime and drug dealing
- Andrew Doyle's resistance to intimidation
- Doyle family fire and deaths
- Wrongful conviction of Campbell and Steele
- Campbell and Steele's exoneration after 20 years
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/glasgow-ice-cream-wars
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#474 | The Trial Of Amanda Knox (pt1)
Amanda Knox's study abroad adventure turned into a nightmare when her housemate was brutally murdered and she found all police attention pointed at her.
In this episode, we'll learn about the twists and turns of this murder case that gripped Italy, the UK and the United States.
- Overview of Amanda Knox case
- Perugia as a popular student city
- Meredith Kercher and Amanda Knox's background
- Discovery of Meredith Kercher's body
- Initial police investigation and Knox's interrogation
- Beliefs and contradictions in police findings
- Media sensationalism and "Foxy Knoxy" persona
- Presentation of evidence in court
- Appeals and ultimate acquittal of Knox and Sollecito
- Rudy Guede's involvement and continuing developments
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/amanda-knox-trial
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#472 | Nayib Bukele | “The World’s Coolest Dictator”?
Nayib Bukele is the self-proclaimed "world's coolest dictator", and he has managed to do what many people thought was impossible in El Salvador.
In this episode, we'll learn about his rise to power, his controversial treatment of gang members, and explore what comes next for the small Central American nation.
- President Nayib Bukele of El Salvador
- Bukele legalises Bitcoin as currency
- High crime rates in El Salvador
- Bukele's controversial policies on gangs
- Bukele's rise to power and strategies
- International vs domestic opinions on Bukele
- Criticisms of Bukele's authoritarian tendencies
- Bukele's landslide victory in re-election
- Bukele's popularity and domestic support
- Challenges ahead for Bukele in El Salvador
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/nayib-bukele
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#470 | The Collapse Of Venezuela
In this episode, we'll explore how the country with the largest oil reserves in the world managed to implode, plunging its citizens into extreme poverty.
We'll discover how a mixture of economic decisions, political ideologies, and external pressures contributed to the country's current situation.
- Rise and collapse of Venezuela
- Chavez's presidency and socialist policies
- Control over currency and economy
- The impact on inflation and poverty rates
- Maduro's presidency and worsening conditions
- Mass exodus and economic devastation
- Various viewpoints on causes of collapse
- Legacy of hope turned into despair
- Venezuelan citizens' anger and sadness
- Reflection on the future of Venezuela
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/venezuela-collapse
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#468 | I Lived In Malta For 7 Years (Part 1)
I lived in Malta from 2017-2024. In part one of this two-part series, I'll talk about some of my experiences living there, and try to answer a question I'm asked multiple times a week: "Should I come to Malta to study English?"
We'll talk about what types of people come to Malta to study English, how this changes over the year, and what life is really like on a Mediterranean rock.
- Why I moved to Malta in 2017
- Brief introduction to Malta
- Introduction to learning English in Malta
- The three different categories of English learner in Malta
- Why you should come to Malta to learn English
- Why you shouldn't come to Malta to learn English
- How Malta has changed in the past 15 years
- Life in Malta for foreigners
- Why so many foreigners are coming to Malta
- How much does life cost in Malta
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/malta-pt1
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#466 | Adnan Khashoggi | The Richest Man On Earth?
He became known as “The Great Gatsby of The Middle East”, and once claimed to be the richest man on Earth.
From facilitating lucrative business deals between the West and Saudi Arabia to his lavish lifestyle and controversial ventures, in this episode, we'll explore the intriguing life of Adnan Khashoggi.
- Adnan Khashoggi: businessman, arms dealer, "The Great Gatsby of The Middle East"
- Wealth exaggerated: $10bn fortune, luxurious lifestyle, major debts
- Background: born in Saudi Arabia, privileged upbringing, early business ventures
- Connection: broker between West and Saudi Arabia, arms deals
- Lockheed ties: agent for arms sales, earned $150 million
- Lifestyle: opulent spending, pleasure wives, extravagant yacht
- Financial downfall: bad investments, debts, legal issues
- Death: in 2017, controversial figure in Saudi and US politics
- Legacy: related to Jamal Khashoggi, starkly different paths
- Conclusion: contrasting lives, implications of wealth and power
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/adnan-khashoggi
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#464 | Will Scotland Ever Be Independent?
Scotland has had a long and complicated relationship with its southern neighbour.
But will it ever break free? In this episode, we explore the key arguments for and against Scottish independence and look at whether it will ever become an independent nation.
- Scottish independence movement history
- Reasons for Scottish independence
- Economic arguments for and against independence
- Impact on Scotland's global standing post-independence
- Cultural identity and political reasons for independence
- The younger generation's inclination towards independence
- Brexit's effect on the independence push
- Current status of the independence movement
- Likelihood of a future independence referendum
- Potential concessions before a new vote
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/scotland-independence
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#462 | Fried Mars Bars, Bagpipes & Unusual Scottish Traditions
In part one of a four-part mini-series on Scotland, we'll explore some unusual Scottish traditions.
From the mythical haggis "creature" to the Highland Games, the deep-fried Mars bar to the mysterious taste of Irn-Bru's, and finish up with five intriguing facts about Scotland's national instrument the bagpipes.
- Unusual Scottish traditions and facts
- Haggis: a Scottish dish, not an animal
- Burns Night: reading "Address to a Haggis"
- Highland Games: sports, music, celebrations
- Tossing the caber, hammer throw, haggis hurling
- Deep-fried Mars bar: calorific treat
- Irn-Bru: Scotland's iconic fizzy drink
- Bagpipes: national Scottish instrument
- Bagpipe facts: ancient origins, global presence, Nero's bagpiping
- Glenmorangie whisky: aged to bagpipe music
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/scottish-traditions
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#460 | Prince Andrew | The Black Sheep of The Royal Family
Today, we uncover the controversial story of Prince Andrew, the black sheep of the British royal family.
From his ties to Jeffrey Epstein to his car crash interview, we explore the life of Queen Elizabeth's second son, Prince Andrew, The Duke Of York.
- Prince Andrew's controversial involvement with Jeffrey Epstein
- The infamous BBC interview with Emily Maitlis
- The questionable alibi involving Pizza Express in Woking
- Being stripped of his military titles and royal patronages
- His scandalous post-Falklands War public image
- His role as Special Representative for International Trade
- Lavish spending and nickname "Airmiles Andy"
- his association with Epstein and subsequent fallout
- Potential legal implications for Prince Andrew following Epstein's crimes
- Unlikely prospects of Prince Andrew facing criminal charges
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/prince-andrew
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#456 | Fredric Tudor | The Ice King
In this episode, we'll explore the story of Fredric Tudor, the man who revolutionised the global ice transportation market in the 19th century.
We'll learn about Tudor's bold vision, his struggles, the enduring legacy he left behind, and why he fully deserves the name of "The Ice King".
- Frederic Tudor, "The Ice King"
- The invention of the global ice transportation market
- Challenges of transporting ice
- From Boston to the Caribbean and India
- Technological advances in ice transportation
- Importance of insulation and ventilation
- Monopolies in Martinique & Calcutta
- Competition and technological developments
- Legacy of Fredric Tudor
- Ice industry in decline due to artificial ice plants
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/ice-king
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#454 | The Future of Fertility
In part three of our mini-series on fertility, we'll explore the intriguing world of future fertility possibilities.
From creating eggs out of skin cells to the concept of artificial wombs, we'll explore the groundbreaking technologies that could revolutionise how we reproduce.
- IVF: In vitro fertilisation
- Future of fertility technology
- IVG: In-vitro gametogenesis
- Artificial wombs for premature babies
- Implications for single-sex couples
- Ethical concerns about technology
- End of traditional reproduction?
- Implications for society
- Book "The End of Sex"
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/future-fertility
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#452 | The World’s Shrinking Population
In part one of a three-part mini-series, we'll look at the global trend of shrinking populations and what it signifies for the future.
Is the world's population really in decline, what are the reasons for this, and what does it mean for the world?
- Global population trends and downward fertility rates
- Demographic shifts and the replacement rate for stability
- Factors influencing declining birth rates globally
- Increasing gender equality and delayed childbearing
- Cost of raising children and economic implications
- Decreasing optimism and focus on convenience affect birth rates
- Global population decline and potential consequences
- National strategies to counter population decline
- Challenges in incentivising more childbirth
- Technological solutions and environmental implications
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/shrinking-population
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#450 | The 1978 World Cup in Argentina
In this episode, we'll learn about the dramatic story behind the controversial 1978 FIFA World Cup in Argentina.
From political corruption to unexplained favours, we'll explore what has come to be called the "Dirtiest World Cup in History".
- 1978 FIFA World Cup in Argentina
- Dirty tactics off the pitch
- Brutal military dictatorship backdrop
- Political influence on the games
- Allegations of bribery and corruption
- Controversies around hosting the cup
- Victory marred by suspicions
- Notable protests and criticisms
- Unfair advantage allegations in matches
- Legacy of the "Dirtiest World Cup in History"
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/1978-world-cup
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#448 | Modern Slavery
In the final part of our mini-series on slavery, we'll explore the unsettling reality of modern slavery, exploring its prevalence and forms in our world today.
From deceptive promises to exploitation and control, we uncover how slavery lurks in the shadows, but there are more slaves in the modern world than at any point in human history.
- Growth and abolition of historical slavery
- Overview of modern slavery
- Statistics on modern slavery
- Prevalence and hotspots of modern slavery
- Categories of modern slaves
- Causes of thriving modern slavery
- Illustrative example of modern slavery in Malta
- Legal frameworks against modern slavery
- Adaptation of slavery through the ages
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/modern-slavery
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#446 | Slavery In The Ancient World
In part one of a three-part series on slavery, we'll explore the role of slavery in the ancient world.
We'll explore how slaves were treated legally, some moral objections to slavery, and how forced labour powered many ancient civilisations we look up to.
- Legal codes regarding slaves
- Different ways people became slaves
- Role of philosophy in justifying slavery
- Varied tasks of ancient slaves
- Female slaves' dual role
- The economic significance of slaves
- The absence of opposition to slavery
- Comparison to modern societal norms
- Evolution of slavery post Ancient Rome
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/ancient-slavery
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#444 | The Amazing Story of Christian The Lion
It's a short, feel-good tale about a lion called Christian.
In this episode, we'll be telling the heartwarming true story of Christian's unique journey and his special bond with his owners.
- London in the 1960s: Description of 1960s Chelsea as a cultural hub
- John Rendall and Ace Bourke, Australians in London
- Encounter at Harrods "Pet Kingdom": Lion cub for sale
- Lack of regulations for owning a lion in 1960s London
- Life with Christian in London: Challenges of raising a lion in a flat
- Desire to send Christian to Africa, his natural habitat
- Negotiations with the Kenyan government for Christian's entry
- Plans to introduce Christian to the wild, the challenge of a city lion
- Formation of a new lion pride with Boy and Katania
- Emotional reunion of John, Ace, and Christian in Kenya
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/christian-the-lion
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#442 | Shamima Begum | ISIS Bride
It is a fascinating story that gets you thinking about the age of responsibility, the nature of citizenship, and the ethical dilemmas surrounding the fate of individuals who joined extremist groups.
In this episode, we'll be talking about Shamima Begum, a young lady who had her British citizenship revoked after leaving the country to join the Islamic State.
- Shamima Begum's departure to Syria at 15
- Begum's life in ISIS, marriage, and involvement in enforcing strict standards
- Begum's reappearance in a Syrian refugee camp in 2019.
- Pregnancy, loss of children, and desire to return to the UK
- British government's decision to revoke Begum's citizenship
- Shamima Begum's return: National security concerns and legal aspects
- Media coverage: Front-page headlines, public and political responses
- Challenges of being stateless and rejection by potential countries
- Shamima Begum's TV interviews, lack of remorse, and sympathy for ISIS
- Broader implications for policies on citizenship and terrorism
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/shamima-begum-isis-bride
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#440 | The Korean Wave: How K-Pop Conquered the World
It's the story of how artists from a small, somewhat unexpected country became global music sensations, amassing devoted fans and making billions in the process.
In this episode, we'll be talking about the rise of K-Pop, the strategic role of the Korean government, and the global phenomenon that is BTS.
- Introduction to K-Pop: Impact on global music and pop culture
- South Korea's unlikely rise to a musical powerhouse
- Post-Korean War, the influence of American soldiers on Korean music
- Government Intervention: Formation of Cultural Industry Bureau to boost pop culture
- Seo Taiji and Boys to PSY
- BTS: The Global Phenomenon
- Factors Behind Success: Effective use of social media, especially by BTS
- Influence and activism demonstrated by K-Pop fans
- Impact of K-Pop on fashion, language, and lifestyles worldwide
- Parallel between K-Pop and Beatlemania
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/kpop
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#438 | Bad Science | When Scientists Got It Wrong
Millions worldwide dedicate their lives to research, striving for medical breakthroughs and enhancing our understanding of the human body. But occasionally, they make mistakes.
In this episode, we'll explore three instances where scientific breakthroughs were announced but later proven to be mistakes.
- Scientific Studies in Media
- Case 1: Faster Than Light Neutrinos
- 2012 CERN press conference: Einstein was wrong
- Investigation reveals a fault in the fibre optic cable
- Case 2: Cold Fusion Fiasco
- 1989 claim of "cold fusion" by electrochemists Fleischmann and Pons
- Experiment flaws exposed; Fleischmann and Pons discredited
- Case 3: Chocolate and Weight Loss Hoax
- 2015 false claim: Eating chocolate aids low-carb diet weight loss
- Researcher John Bohannon exposes the ease of making outrageous claims
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/bad-science
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#436 | Transhumanism & The Rise of The Superhumans
It's the idea that humans can enhance our bodies with the use of technology, all in a bid to allow us to break free from our biological reality.
In this episode, we'll be talking about the roots of transhumanism, the quest for radical life extension, and the ethical dilemmas surrounding the enhancement of human abilities.
- Introduction to Transhumanism
- Historical Roots of Transhumanism
- Medical Technology Advancements
- Core Concepts of Transhumanism
- Radical Life Extension
- Cognitive Enhancement through Technology
- Ethical Considerations
- Transhumanism in Popular Culture
- Real-Life Example: Brian Johnson
- Philosophical Questions on Transhumanism
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/transhumanism-superhumans
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#434 | Edward Snowden | American Patriot or Traitor?
He is probably the most famous whistleblower in the world after having leaked vast amounts of sensitive US government information back in 2013.
In this episode, we'll be telling the story of Edward Snowden, asking ourselves whether he is a great American patriot or a traitor.
- Edward Snowden's background and early life
- Snowden's disillusionment with the CIA and government practices
- Snowden's decision to leak classified information
- Size and significance of the leaked data
- Snowden's escape to Hong Kong and the publication of revelations
- Impact of Snowden's leaks on global surveillance debate
- Two contrasting perspectives on Snowden: hero or traitor
- Snowden's asylum in Russia and ongoing impact on privacy laws
- Changes and debates triggered by Snowden's revelations
- Unanswered questions about the role and protection of whistleblowers
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/edward-snowden
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#432 | The Most Unusual New Year's Eve Traditions
A New Year's Eve celebration isn't always fireworks. Sometimes it's colourful underwear, dark-haired men rushing into Scottish houses, and smashing plates.
In this episode, we'll explore the most unusual New Year's Eve traditions around the world.
- Origins of Unusual Traditions
- Italian Red Underwear Tradition
- Scottish First Footing Ritual
- Scottish Hogmanay Celebrations
- Dangerous Johannesburg Tradition
- Spanish Twelve Grapes Tradition
- Japanese Temple Bell Ritual
- Danish Plate Smashing
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/unusual-new-year-traditions
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#430 | What Is Effective Altruism?
It's an idea and a way of life that is all about doing good, helping others, and improving the world in the most efficient way possible.
In this episode, we'll be talking about Effective Altruism, its core principles, and its unique approach to addressing the world's most pressing problems.
- Effective Altruism Defined
- Thought Experiment: Drowning Child
- Peter Singer's Famine, Affluence, and Morality Essay
- William MacAskill: Effective Altruism Co-Founder
- Effective Altruism's Goal and Approach
- Impact Maximization: Notable Examples
- Funding Disparities: Pandemics vs. Terrorism
- Animal Welfare: Factory Farming vs. Shelters
- Sam Bankman-Fried: Effective Altruist in Action
- Criticisms and Peter Singer's Moral Philosophy
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/effective-altruism
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#428 | Sanctions: Do They Even Work?
From export and import controls to asset freezes and travel restrictions, there are various methods for imposing sanctions. But how effective are they?
In this episode, we will discuss sanctions, how they work, and pose the perhaps controversial question: do they truly work?
- PhD Program Rejection
- Types of Sanctions: Embargoes, Controls, Freezes, Restrictions
- Historical Context: Ancient Greece to Modern Era
- Effectiveness Debate: Agathe Demarais' Analysis
- Case Study: US Sanctions on Cuba
- Success Case: Sanctions on South Africa
- Contemporary Example: Sanctions on Russia
- Challenges in Assessing Sanctions' Efficacy
- Human Impact: Siavash's Wife's Story
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/do-sanctions-work
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#426 | K-Pop, Zelensky & Cricket | 21st Century Soft Power
K-Pop, Volodymyr Zelensky, and Indian Cricket – what do these three things have in common? Soft power, of course.
In this episode, we're going to be talking about Soft Power in the 21st century and the unusual but fascinating displays of it.
- Global Soft Power Index: Brand Directory's annual survey.
- Soft Power according to Joseph Nye in 1990.
- Soft Power's non-military, non-economic influence.
- Korea's rise in soft power ranking.
- K-Pop's Soft Power: BTS and the Korean Wave.
- Zelenskyy's Soft Power Amid Conflict: Ukraine, Russia conflict.
- Transforming soft power into hard power.
- Cricket as soft power: Origin in England, spread by the British Empire.
- Cricket's popularity in former colonies.
- Cricket as a bridge in India-Pakistan relations.
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/kpop-zelensky-cricket
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#424 | A Brief History of Salt
We all know salt as a simple white seasoning to add to our cooking, but it's much more than that.
In this episode, we'll be exploring salt's fascinating role throughout history – from how it served as a catalyst for revolutions to how it is featured in society.
- Salt's role in history and its surprising impact.
- Preservation: Salt's role in preserving meat, fish for months.
- Essential nutrient: Human dependence on salt in diets.
- Early trade routes based on the salt trade.
- La Gabelle: Infamous French salt tax causing regional disparities.
- Connection to French Revolution and discontent.
- American Revolution: British blockade, salt smuggling, victory.
- Societal impact: Salt shaping trade routes, language, culture.
- Recap of salt's multifaceted historical significance.
- Reflection on salt's impact on trade, language, and culture.
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/salt
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#422 | Jeffrey Epstein | American Sex Offender
It is a story that brings together billionaires, presidents, princes, private islands, and unfortunately, decades of sexual abuse of underage girls.
In this episode, we will be talking about the disgraced American financier, Jeffrey Epstein.
- Epstein's background and early career
- Epstein's rise in the world of finance
- Initial arrest and charges related to sexual abuse
- Controversial plea deal in 2008
- Epstein's second arrest in 2019 on sex trafficking charges
- Allegations of Epstein's involvement with powerful people
- Epstein's death in jail and conspiracy theories
- The impact of Epstein's case on society
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/jeffrey-epstein
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#420 | The Economics of Chicken
How has a small bird from the jungles of southeast Asia gone on to be the most popular source of protein in the world?
In this episode, we are going to talk about the economics of chicken, and how farmers have managed to drastically reduce its price.
- The transformation of chicken from a luxury to a cheap protein source
- Origin of domesticated chickens in Southeast Asia
- Historical chicken sizes and uses
- Development of efficient egg incubators
- The post-war competition to breed bigger and cheaper chickens
- The modern broiler chicken's rapid growth and engineered characteristics
- The use of hormones and genetic modification in chicken farming
- The impact on chicken prices and its popularity
- The economics behind the low cost of rotisserie chicken
- Ethical concerns related to chicken consumption and alternatives
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/chicken-economics
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#418 | The Race To The South Pole
It is the most amazing story of success, failure against the odds, and a race to get to the bottom of the world.
In this episode, we will be talking about explorers Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott, and their intense Race to the South Pole.
- Antarctic expedition in 1911
- Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen
- British explorer Robert Falcon Scott
- Different approaches: dogs vs. ponies
- Harsh conditions, frostbite, and scurvy
- Tragic sacrifices: Oates and Scott's last diary entries
- Norwegian victory and Amundsen's legacy
- Lessons learned from the race
- Impact of Norwegian explorers on Arctic and Antarctic exploration
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/race-to-south-pole
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#416 | The Quest To Find The Origin of The River Nile | Henry Morton Stanley
He embarked on a perilous journey to explore the Great Lakes of Africa and unravelled the mystery of the Nile's origin.
In the final part of our mini-series, we are going to talk about Henry Morton Stanley and his quest to find the origin of the River Nile.
- Introduction to the quest for the source of the Nile
- Recap on explorers: Burton, Speke, and Livingstone
- Henry Morton Stanley's life and background
- Stanley's successful discovery of Dr. Livingstone
- Stanley's mission to find the Nile's source
- Challenges and dangers of the expedition
- Stanley's successful navigation around Lake Victoria and Tanganyika
- Identification of the Lualaba River as a key clue
- Stanley's final journey to prove Lake Victoria as the Nile's source
- The legacy of the quest and the possibility of the Rwenzori Mountains as the "mountains of the moon" source.
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/henry-morton-stanley
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#414 | The Quest To Find The Origin of The River Nile | Burton vs. Speke
It's an amazing story of exploration, near-death experiences, and the most almighty feud.
In part one of our mini-series on The Quest To Find The Origin of the River Nile, we'll be telling the story of the first major expedition by British explorers, Sir Richard Burton and John Hanning Speke.
- Introduction to the search for the Nile's origin.
- Meet British explorers Burton and Speke on their mission.
- Challenges of Nile Exploration
- Burton's belief in Lake Tanganyika as the Nile's source.
- Speke's argument for Lake Victoria as the Nile's source.
- Intense Rivalry and Feud between Burton and Speke.
- Tragic Turn of Events: Speke's tragic death before the Nile's source could be confirmed.
- Unsolved Mystery: the Nile's true origin.
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/burton-vs-speke
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#412 | A Short History of Mental Health
Mental health – it is a sensitive subject that affects every single one of us, with some of us struggling more than others.
In this episode, we are going to explore how mental health has been perceived throughout history and look at some of the reasons that led a top UN official to declare that we are living in a mental health crisis.
- History of mental health treatments
- Trepanning as an ancient "cure"
- Transition from religious defect to medical condition
- Grim conditions in early "mad houses"
- Introduction of The Lunacy Act in 1845
- Controversial treatments like lobotomy and electroshock therapy
- Rising awareness and reporting of mental health issues
- Factors influencing modern mental health problems
- Debate over the validity of the mental health crisis
- Michel Foucault's quote on human behavior and consequences
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/mental-health-history
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#410 | (Keeping Up With) The Kardashians
Over the past two decades, this one family has shaped not just American but global culture – but how did they become so influential?
In this episode, we'll be telling the story of the Kardashians and their rise to fame, the influence they have on culture, and whether it is all about to come crumbling down.
- The Kardashians' impact on global culture
- Initial public reception and ratings of "Keeping Up with the Kardashians"
- The family's history and members
- How Kris Jenner's idea led to the reality TV series
- Overview of the TV show's content
- The Kardashians' relatability and luxury lifestyle
- The family's strategic use of social media
- The Kardashians' successful product endorsements and businesses
- The question of authenticity and appearance
- The Kardashians' influence on fashion and beauty trends
- Speculations about their future in the evolving social media landscape
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/keeping-up-with-kardashians
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#408 | Upstairs, Downstairs: The Lives of British Servants
It was at one point the most popular job in Britain, surpassing professions such as coal mining and factory work.
In this episode, we'll be talking about the servant class, the hierarchy of different types of servants, and the decline of household service in Britain.
- Most popular job in Britain: Household service in 1901
- Reasons for high servant numbers: Supply and demand factors
- Experiences of female servants were generally worse
- Hierarchy among servants: Butler and housekeeper at the top
- Decline of domestic service: Supply, demand, and technological changes
- Modern view: Live-in servants are mostly limited to the very wealthy
- Recommended media: Downton Abbey, Gosford Park, The Remains of the Day
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/british-servants-lives
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#406 | What Does “Lord” Really Mean? An Exploration Of The British Aristocracy.
"Duke", "Earl", "Lord", and "Baron" – what do these titles actually mean?
In part one of our mini-series on British social class, we'll be talking about the origins of the British aristocracy and the roles they have in modern Britain.
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/lord-meaning-british-aristocracy
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#404 | The Rise And Fall Of The Vanderbilts
It's a story of how one family went from almost literal slavery to being the richest in the world – before losing it all.
In this episode, we'll be talking about the rise and fall of one of the most influential families in American history – the Vanderbilts.
- Jan Aertson's Journey to the New World
- Cornelius Vanderbilt: The Commodore's early career in transportation
- Vanderbilt's expansion during the California Gold Rush
- Vanderbilt's transition to the railway industry
- Vanderbilt's immense wealth and his legacy
- The character of Cornelius Vanderbilt, The Commodore
- The inheritance and financial management of the Vanderbilt family
- The extravagant lifestyles and lavish spending of Vanderbilt descendants
- The decline of the Vanderbilt fortune and its causes
- Notable Vanderbilt legacies: Vanderbilt University, Biltmore Estate, and Grand Central Station
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/vanderbilts
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#402 | The French Foreign Legion
It is, by some measures, the toughest fighting force in the world – yet it continues to attract people from across the globe through the promise of a fresh start and adventure.
In this episode, we'll be talking about the origins of the French Foreign Legion, how you join it, and what life is like as a Legionnaire.
- French Foreign Legion: Toughest fighting force, attracts diverse recruits worldwide.
- Origins: Founded in 1831 to manage foreign soldiers in France.
- Recruitment: Open to all nationalities, minimal requirements, new identity.
- Training: Physically demanding, intense, discipline enforced, harsh conditions.
- Deployments: Legion serves French interests globally, long history of conflicts.
- Unique Composition: Multinational units, French language requirement.
- Rewards: Basic salary, housing, meals, new identity, path to French citizenship.
- Sacrifices: High risk, thousands of Legionnaires have died for France.
- Fascinating History: From Algeria to modern deployments, rich legacy.
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/french-foreign-legion
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#400 | Degrowth vs E/Acc | How To Save The World
Degrowth and Effective Accelerationism - two outlooks about the direction in which humanity needs to go to stay alive. But they couldn't be any more different.
In this episode, we'll be exploring these two ideas and perhaps, come to some conclusions on how to save the world.
- Degrowth vs E/Acc: Exploring opposing visions for humanity's future
- Historical global economy trends: Growth, challenges, and environmental impact
- Degrowth concept: Reducing production, consumption for sustainability and equality
- E/Acc approach: Technological advancement, energy, AI, interplanetary development
- Divergence in ideologies: Brake vs. accelerate, limits vs. market expansion
- Degrowth momentum: European Parliament conference and impact on policy
- E/Acc's grassroots movement: Unconventional solutions, influential supporters
- Unprecedented futures: Revisiting the past, accelerating progress, potential consequences
- Finding common ground: Both emphasize radical action away from status quo
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/degrowth-vs-eacc
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#398 | Ernest Shackleton | Antarctic Explorer
Courageous, resilient, and an incredible leader. Ernest Shackleton was an Antarctic explorer who never gave up in the face of adversity.
In this episode, we'll be talking about the Endurance expedition, the challenges he and his crew faced, and their extraordinary feats of survival in one of the harshest environments on Earth.
- Introduction to Ernest Shackleton and his quest to cross Antarctica
- Background on the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration
- Competing expeditions to the North and South Poles
- Shackleton's previous attempt to reach the South Pole in 1909
- The Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition and its objectives
- The journey of the ship Endurance and its entrapment in ice
- Struggles faced during the Antarctic winter on the ice
- Abandonment of the Endurance and survival on Elephant Island
- Shackleton's dangerous journey to South Georgia for help
- Rescue and survival of the crew members on Elephant Island
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/shackleton
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#396 | The Extraordinary Life of Kim Dotcom: Hacker, Entrepreneur, Fugitive
An internet pioneer or a criminal mastermind? The answer depends on who you ask.
In this episode, we explore the extraordinary story of Kim Dotcom, the man behind Megaupload.com, and the rise and fall of his empire.
- Internet pioneer or criminal?
- Childhood and early involvement with computers
- Hacking exploits and self-publicity
- Kim Dotcom's legal troubles and escape to Thailand
- Megaupload.com: The birth of a controversial website
- Megaupload's massive popularity and piracy concerns
- Kim Dotcom's move to New Zealand and his new life
- The dramatic police raid on Kim Dotcom's mansion
- Legal charges against Kim Dotcom and extradition battle
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/kim-dotcom
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#394 | What Is Hell?
For some people, hell is a place of eternal punishment. For others, it's merely a stepping stone on the way to redemption.
In this episode, we'll be exploring the idea of hell, its different interpretations, and what happens in each one.
- Defining hell and its interpretations in different religions
- Ancient Egyptian beliefs: judgment in the afterlife, weighing of the heart
- Ancient Greek beliefs: the Underworld and Tartarus
- Jewish beliefs: Sheol and Gehinnom as places of the dead and purification
- Christian beliefs: multiple interpretations of hell, references in the Bible
- Dante's Inferno
- Islamic beliefs: Jahannam, seven circles of hell, fiery punishments
- The ethical "Problem of Hell" and its theological implications
- Alternative perspectives: Buddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism and the absence of hell
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/what-is-hell
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#392 | Homes, Homelessness & Evolving English
As time goes by, language continues to evolve.
In this episode, we explore the question of evolving English, and the specific question of how we refer to people without a permanent and stable place to live, as this example highlights the politicisation of language.
- Language's purpose: communicate information between people
- Language changes over time, often for political reasons
- Referring to people without a permanent home
- Difference between "house" and "home"
- "Homeless" as the most commonly used term
- Push to replace "homeless" with "houseless" or "unhoused"
- Critics argue "homeless" implies streets are a legitimate home
- Question of whether it matters to homeless individuals
- Homelessness is a complex issue
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/evolving-english
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#390 | Edward VIII | The King Who Said No
He was King of Britain, but only for 325 days before dramatically quitting the job to be with the woman he loved.
But was it the ultimate love story, or was it an act of treason and selfishness?
- Edward VIII: King of Britain for 325 days
- Love story or treason and selfishness?
- The message that shocked the British public
- Early life and rise to the throne
- Edward's reputation as a dandy and playboy
- Disapproval from the Prime Minister and King George V
- Edward meets Wallis Simpson
- Challenges with marrying Wallis Simpson
- Edward's abdication and life after leaving the throne
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/edward-viii
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#388 | Vardy vs. Rooney | The Battle Of The Footballers’ Wives
It was a fierce football rivalry fought not on the pitch but on social media and at the High Courts of Justice in London.
In this episode, we'll delve into the fierce rivalry between football wives Coleen Rooney and Rebekah Vardy, the libel case that followed, and the rise of WAG culture in Britain.
- The cult of the “wag”
- Who were Coleen Rooney and Rebekah Vardy?
- Coleen Rooney’s revelation
- The feud between Coleen Rooney & Rebekah Vardy
- Rebekah Vardy takes Coleen Rooney to court
- Trademarking Wagatha Christie
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/vardy-vs-rooney
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#386 | The Creation of The Modern Office
From cramped cubicles to collaborative open-plan setups, a lot has changed since the creation of the modern office – but it doesn't stop there.
In this episode, we'll be exploring the question of why and how the modern office was created and look at some of the developments that led us to this place.
- The concept of the modern office and its prevalence worldwide
- The historical absence of dedicated indoor workspaces
- The emergence of the first large offices in the late 17th and early 18th centuries
- The Old Admiralty Office and its significance as the headquarters of the British Navy
- The paperwork-dominated tasks of early offices
- The impact of the typewriter on office work and the increased presence of women in offices
- The layout of offices during the typewriter era
- The invention of the cubicle and its popularity in office design
- Alternative office arrangements, including open-plan offices and their criticisms
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/modern-office
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#384 | Napoleon Bonaparte
He is a figure who, 200 years after his death, is still held as an example of the glories of France.
In this episode, we'll talk about the rise and fall of Napoleon, the establishment of the French empire, and Napoleon's complex legacy.
- Early life and Corsican heritage
- Rise to power during the French Revolutionary Wars
- Military successes and establishment of the French Empire
- Napoleon as a strategic genius
- The disastrous invasion of Russia and downfall
- Exile and brief return to power
- Defeat at the Battle of Waterloo and final exile
- Complex legacy and varying views on Napoleon
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/napoleon
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#382 | Geli Raubal | Hitler’s Murdered Lover?
When Adolf Hitler's half-niece was found dead in a pool of her own blood, the Nazi party rushed to cover up the scene.
But who killed Geli Raubal, why, and did she take some very dark secrets with her to the grave?
- The discovery of Geli's body
- Who was Geli Raubal
- What was the nature of Hitler and Geli's relationship?
- What happened to Geli Raubal?
- Why did Geli Raubal kill herself?
- Did Hitler kill his niece?
- Hitler's reaction to the death
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/geli-raubal
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#380 | Marc Rich: The King of Oil
He was a secretive billionaire who would earn the nickname of "The King of Oil".
In this episode, we'll be talking about the early life of Marc Rich, how he made his fortune, how he got on the wrong side of the US authorities, and the controversial presidential pardon.
- The Clinton pardon
- The early life of Marc Rich
- The work of a commodities trader
- The global rise of mercury
- The Trans-Israel pipeline
- Creating Marc Rich + Co
- Selling Iranian oil
- Being charged with tax fraud
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/marc-rich
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#378 | [2023] Meet the English Learning for Curious Minds podcast
Wondering what The "English Learning for Curious Minds podcast" is all about?
Here's an update on how things have been going, almost 400 episodes and 5 million downloads after we started...
- Introduction to the host of English Learning for Curious Minds
- Deciding to start the podcast
- My language-learning journey
- Publishing the first episode
- English Learning for Curious Minds today
- Going “full-time”
- Why starting a podcast is more complicated than pressing record
- How the sausage is made
- Where to start?
- Should you use the interactive transcripts?
- It’s still day 0
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/meet-elfcm
#376 | Porn & Big Money
What do some of the biggest porn websites in the industry have in common? They are all owned by a media and technology company named MindGeek.
In this episode, we'll be taking a look at the history of the porn business, the role of MindGeek in the evolution of porn and money, and the current state of the adult industry.
- Introduction to the topic of porn and the porn industry
- MindGeek's acquisition of major adult entertainment properties
- The evolution of the porn industry and the impact of the Internet
- Challenges in accepting online payments for porn websites
- VISA and Mastercard's role in regulating the industry
- Rise of tube sites and their impact on the business model
- Fabian Thylmann's recognition of the financial potential of tube sites
- The power of tube sites in attracting viewers and advertisers
- Challenges faced by payment companies and the case of OnlyFans
- Uncertainty and secrecy surrounding MindGeek's ownership and control
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/porn-big-money
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#374 | The Rise And Fall of “The Fake Sheikh”
Dubbed "The King of the Sting" or "The Fake Sheikh", Mazher Mahmood was a journalist who posed as a Middle-Eastern prince and exposed the rich and famous.
But it turned out that his methods and fact-checking weren't always as honest as he claimed...
- The Sarah Ferguson Sting
- Who was Mazher Mahmood?
- CAUGHT! Match-fixer pockets £150k as he rigs the England Test at Lord’s
- The story to kidnap Victoria Beckham
- Criticism of Mahmood’s methods
- The Tulisa Contostavlos cocaine expose
- Legacy of Mazher Mahmood
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/fake-sheikh
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#372 | The War on Milk
Milk–this widely common, seemingly unproblematic drink–has become the subject of recent controversy.
In this episode, we’ll look into the war on milk, why people stopped drinking it, and the future of the dairy industry.
- The early history of milk drinking
- Why people are stopping drinking milk
- The growth of raw milk
- The state of milk in 2023
- The future of the dairy industry
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/war-on-milk
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#370 | FIFA: The Most Corrupt Name in Sport
It's the official body responsible for regulating the world's most popular sport, but it is regularly accused of corruption.
In this episode, we'll look at why this is, some of the biggest scandals in FIFA history, and see what the organisation is doing to clean itself up.
- Sepp Blatter & North Korea
- The early history of football
- The founding of FIFA
- Culture of corruption
- FIFA scandals
- How does FIFA choose what country hosts a World Cup?
- Accepting bribes to give South Africa the World Cup
- The 2010 decision to award the World Cup to Russia and Qatar
- The man at the top: Sepp Blatter
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/fifa-corruption
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Killing Hitler [episode 1 of Pioneers Of The Continuum]
Listen to the all of Pioneers Of The Continuum 👉 https://link.chtbl.com/pioneers
--
In episode one of Pioneers Of The Continuum, Winston travels back to 1939 and comes face to face with Adolf Hitler.
Will he put a bullet in his brain and change the course of history?
--
Guest starring Luke Thompson from Luke's English Podcast.
--
Free interactive transcript, subtitles & translations in 12 languages at: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/pioneers/killing-hitler
#368 | Britain's Tabloid Culture: A Love-Hate Relationship
British tabloids are notorious for being exaggerated, sensationalist, and stopping at nothing to get a good story.
In this episode, we’ll talk about the origins of tabloid culture, its early history, and how it persists in the modern day.
- Tabloids & Oscar Wilde
- What is a tabloid?
- The early history of tabloids
- The difference in reporting style between tabloids & broadsheets
- Gossip in British tabloids
- Phone hacking
- The future of British tabloids
- The digital transition of British tabloids
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/british-tabloid-culture
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#366 | New York’s Five Families and The Business of Crime - Part I | History & Creation
In the early 20th century, a disorganised bunch of criminals transformed into a criminal empire and made billions in the process.
In this episode, we'll learn how it all got started and why you didn't want to get on the wrong side of Charles "Lucky" Luciano.
- The Murder of Giuseppe Masseria
- Italian History
- Migrational context
- Early criminal gangs
- The Castellammarese War
- The formation of “The Commission”
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/new-york-five-part-one
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⚡️Trailer: Pioneers Of The Continuum
Big news. On May 23rd, we are launching a new audio-drama starring your favourite English-language podcasters.
Win a limited-edition Pioneers Of The Continuum t-shirt:
- Go to Pioneers Of the Continuum on your podcast app (https://link.chtbl.com/pioneers)
- Subscribe, follow or leave a review (5x your chance of winning by leaving a review)
- Take a screenshot
- Send it to pioneers@leonardoenglish.com
- That's it!
Everyone who takes part in this competition will also receive a special surprise...
#364 | Do Idioms Really Matter?
There are thousands of idioms in the English language. Idioms are often present in the books we read, the shows we watch, and in everyday conversations.
In this episode, we’ll look into the different types of idioms, how to learn them effectively and ask ourselves whether idioms really matter.
- Do people really say, “It’s raining cats and dogs”?
- Alastair vs Kris
- The four types of idioms
- Do categories of idioms matter?
- How native speakers decide to use an idiom
- The two real categories of idioms that matter
- How to think about idioms in English
- Alastair vs Kris (the verdict)
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/do-idioms-matter
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#362 | Anna Delvey | The Fake German Heiress
Charming, glamorous, and ambitious. Anna Delvey was a wealthy German heiress who would one day inherit a large trust fund from her father who was a wealthy entrepreneur. But it was all just a facade.
In the final part of our mini-series on Great American Con Artists, we’ll learn about the fake German heiress who managed to trick New York City.
- The Trial of Anna Sorokin
- Anna Delvey arrives in New York City
- The trip to the Venice Biennale
- The Anna Delvey Foundation
- Life at 11 Howard
- Anna & Neff
- The warning signs start
- Things start to go wrong
- The trip to Marrakech
- Who really was Anna Delvey?
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/anna-delvey
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#360 | Fyre Festival | The Worst Festival In The World
Imagine paying for an exclusive music festival where you get to party with celebrities and supermodels on a private island, only to find out upon arrival that you got scammed.
In part one of our mini-series on Great American Con Artists, we’ll learn about Billy McFarland and Fyre Festival, the festival in the Caribbean that went terribly wrong.
- Celebrities post on Instagram
- Background to The Fyre Festival
- Celebrity endorsements
- The marketing of the Fyre Festival
- Running out of money
- Arriving at Fyre Festival
- The fallout of the Fyre Festival
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/fyre-festival
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#358 | Poker Island | How Malta Became A Gambling Hub
It's a tiny rock in the Mediterranean that has become a global hub for online gambling.
In this episode, we look at how this happened, what it means, and how it has fundamentally changed one of Europe's smallest countries.
- An early morning on Poker Island
- Introduction to Malta
- The early history of online gambling in Malta
- Online gambling regulation in Malta
- Scandinavians flock to Malta
- Where does the money go in online casinos?
- How online casinos make money
- Impact on Malta
- Impact on Malta’s reputation
- The future of online gambling in Malta
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/poker-island
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#356 | The Ku Klux Klan: A History of Hate
It has been called America's most famous hate group and has been terrorising the country for 150 years.
In this episode, we look at the history of the Ku Klux Klan, examining its three distinct phases and murderous ideology.
- The three distinct phases of the KKK
- Phase I - The Reconstruction
- Phase II - the 1920s revival
- Phase III - 1960s civil rights
- The Ku Klux Klan in the modern day
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/ku-klux-klan
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#354 | The Disappearance of Lord Lucan
He was a wealthy English aristocrat who disappeared after the family nanny was found brutally murdered.
In this episode, we look at the life and disappearance of the famous gambler and socialite, Lord Lucan.
- The evening of 7th November 1974
- The early life of Lord Lucan
- His life as a wealthy aristocrat
- Lord Lucan’s gambling addiction
- His deteriorating marriage
- Sandra Rivett: the nanny
- The murder
- The disappearance of Lord Lucan
- Sightings and theories about what happened
- Parallels with Cluedo
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/lord-lucan
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#352 | Lee Harvey Oswald | The Man Who Killed A President
He was a former American marine who would go on to assassinate one of the most popular presidents in American history.
In this episode, we look at the unhappy life of Lee Harvey Oswald and ask ourselves why he pulled the trigger.
- The assassination of JFK
- The early life of Lee Harvey Oswald
- Joining the US Marines
- Developing left-wing views
- Leaving for the Soviet Union
- Returning to the USA
- Buying the gun and having a test run
- Preparation for the assassination
- The assassination of JFK
- Why did he do it?
- The death of Lee Harvey Oswald
- JFK conspiracy theories
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/lee-harvey-oswald
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#350 | The Unusual Names of Cocktails
Whether it's Carrie from Sex and the City or the advertising executives in Mad Men, people are drinking more cocktails than ever before.
In this episode, we take a look at the fascinating stories behind six popular cocktails, from the Bloody Mary to the White Russian.
- The early history of cocktails
- Fredric Tudor - “The Ice King”
- Cocktail #1: The Margarita
- Cocktail #2: The Bloody Mary
- Cocktail #3: The Sidecar
- Cocktail #4: The Singapore Sling
- Cocktail #5: The White Russian
- Cocktail #6: The Screwdriver
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/cocktails
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#348 | The Cambridge Five Part III | Beer & Betrayal
The British and Americans were suspicious that there was a mole. They were right; in fact, there were five double agents.
In the final part of this three-part mini-series, we see what happened when the net started closing in, and why some people think that the Cambridge Five got away unpunished.
- Kim Philby realises their cover is blown
- Recap of parts one and two
- The alcoholic downfall of The Cambridge Five
- Burgess & Maclean’s defection to the USSR
- The confession of Kim Philby
- The defection of Kim Philby
- The life of Burgess & Maclean in the USSR
- How many double agents were there?
- Why they got away with it for so long
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/cambridge-five-iii
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#346 | The Cambridge Five Part I | The Recruitment
In the early 1930s, five high-flying Cambridge University students were recruited to become Soviet spies.
These five men enjoyed decades-long careers at the top of the British establishment and were some of the most successful double agents in history.
In part one of this three-part mini-series, we see how it all got started.
- The recruitment of Kim Philby
- Background to The Cambridge Five
- Life at Cambridge University
- The political climate of the 1930s
- Arnold Deutsch: Soviet Recruiter
- The first jobs of The Cambridge Five
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/cambridge-five-i
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#344 | Adolf Hitler | Der Führer
He was the leader of Nazi Germany and was responsible for the most deadly war in human history.
In this episode, we'll explore the murderous life and legacy of Adolf Hitler.
- The last hours of Adolf Hitler
- The early life of Adolf Hitler
- Moving to Munich
- Serving in the First World War
- The politics of Adolf Hitler
- The Beer Hall Putsch
- Writing Mein Kampf
- The death of Angela Raubal
- Hitler seizes power
- Getting ready for war
- The Third Reich
- Assassination attempts
- Hitler’s reported opiate use
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/hitler
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⚡️ Bonus episode from Easy Stories in English // Sisters, Sisters
Enjoy this bonus episode from Easy Stories in English.
Angeline and Annabelle are a classic sister act. Annabelle writes the songs and they sing together, but Angeline gets all the compliments. When a music producer offers a deal to Annabelle, she realises she can’t let the opportunity go. But what starts as a harmonious collaboration soon turns into a discordant nightmare…
You can find the transcript for this episode at: https://easystoriesinenglish.com/sisters/
#342 | Josef Stalin | The Grey Blur
He was credited with defeating Hitler and industrialising Russia. But he was also a ruthless dictator who was responsible for tens of millions of deaths.
In this episode, we explore the brutal life and legacy of "The Grey Blur".
- The capture of Yakov Dzughashvili, Stalin's son
- The early life of Josef Stalin
- His radicalisation
- Where does the name “Stalin” come from?
- The 1917 Revolution
- The death of Vladimir Lenin
- Stalin’s industrial plans
- The purges
- Stalin in World War II
- The defeat of Nazism
- The drawing of The Iron Curtain
- The death of Josef Stalin
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/stalin
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#340 | Catherine The Great | Russia’s Fearless Empress
She seized power from her weak husband and would go down in history as a strong and powerful Empress.
In this episode, we look at how Catherine The Great managed it, and how she was a victim of terrible double standards against women.
- The arrival of a 14-year-old princess
- The early life & character of Catherine the Great
- Her relationship with her husband, Peter
- Her miscarriages & the birth of Paul
- Taking steps to ensure her own protection
- The death of Empress Elizabeth
- The coup & overthrowing of Peter
- Becoming empress of Russia
- Leading the country & national reforms
- Her attempts to reform serfdom
- The Pugachev revolt
- Expanding Russian territories
- The lovers of Catherine I (and inherent sexism)
- The tater reforms of Catherine I
- The death and legacy of Catherine I
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/catherine-the-great
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#338 | The Tragic Life of Anne Boleyn
She was the second wife of King Henry VIII of England but fell out of favour after failing to produce a male heir.
In this episode, we look at the fascinating life of Anne Boleyn and ask ourselves whether things could have ended differently.
- The early life of Anne Boleyn
- Henry declares his love for Anne
- Appealing to Rome
- The birth of Elizabeth
- The affairs of Henry VIII
- The downfall of Anne
- Anne is arrested
- The execution of Anne Boleyn
- The aftermath of her execution
- Who is responsible for the fate of Anne Boleyn?
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/anne-boleyn
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#336 | “The British Disease” | A Short History of Football Hooliganism in the UK
British football fans have a well-deserved bad reputation for hooliganism and violence.
In this episode, we explore where this comes from, why British football stadiums have historically been violent places, and why things have started to change.
- A scene at a football riot
- The British claim to have invented football
- 12th-century versions of “football”
- When the king banned football
- The term “kick off”
- Early hooliganism with Preston North End supporters
- Why do football fans fight each other?
- Glasgow: Rangers vs. Celtic
- The post-war growth of hooliganism
- Organised hooliganism in the 1970s
- The names of the most famous football hooligan groups
- The British Disease spreads to Europe
- The birth of the “football casual”
- Hooliganism & the National Front
- The Heysel & Hillsborough disasters
- Crackdown on football hooliganism
- Football hooliganism today
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/british-football-hooliganism
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#334 | The Magical Life of Roald Dahl
He was best known for being the author of books such as "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory" and "Mathilda", but he was also a critically acclaimed poet and adult fiction writer.
In this episode, we explore how this former airforce pilot went on to become one of the best-loved children's authors of all time.
- Extract from "Boy"
- The early life of Roald Dahl
- The mischievous childhood of Roald Dahl
- The Second World War
- Moving to the United States
- Roald Dahl as a spy?
- His first work "The Gremlins" & Walt Disney
- Switching to writing children's fiction
- The impact of Roald Dahl's lived experience on his writing
- The storytelling of Roald Dahl
- The working life of Roald Dahl
- His legacy
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/roald-dahl
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#332 | The Bizarre Life of Lewis Carroll
He was the author of "Alice in Wonderland", and has gone down in history as one of the greatest children's writers of all time.
But he had some very unusual habits, preferred the company of children to adults, and took his secrets to the grave.
ln this episode, we explore the bizarre life of Lewis Caroll.
- The famous boat ride of 4th of July of 1862
- The early life of Lewis Caroll
- His speech impediment
- Winning a place at Oxford University
- Teaching at Oxford
- Publishing his first literary work
- Lewis Carroll's photography
- Meeting Alice
- His relationship with Alice & her sisters
- The writing of Alice in Wonderland
- Why Alice in Wonderland was such a big success
- The controversies of Lewis Caroll
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/lewis-carroll
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#330 | A Short History of Measurements
Modern life would be impossible without standardised measurements.
In this episode, we look at the development of measurements through history, explaining they evolved over time and why some succeeded where others failed.
- Imagining a world without measurements
- English measurement of distance: The Furlong
- Early measurement in France: The Setier
- Egyptians measurements of time
- The metric system & France
- Robespierre & The Festival of the Supreme Being
- Container ships
- UK mixing measurements
- United States' National Institute of Standards and Technology
- Why water doesn’t freeze at 100C
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/measurements
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#328 | The Unusual British News of 2022
A lot has happened in 2022.
In this episode, we look at some of the most unusual British news stories of the year, including footballer's wives, the crime of treason, and the shifting demographics of the United Kingdom.
- Being convicted for treason for trying to kill the Queen
- The Wagatha Christie Trial
- Boris Johnson’s misbehaviour
- Neil Parish and the “tractors”
- Chris Pincher: “Pincher by name, pincher by nature”
- The shifting demographics of the UK
- The record-breaking Rishi Sunak
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/unusual-british-news-2022
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#326 | How TikTok Took Over The World
It went from nothing to billions of users in the space of a few years.
In this episode, we look at the rise of TikTok, the criticisms it has faced, and how it is changing technology patterns all over the world.
- What is TikTok?
- Early history of Tiktok
- Growth in the United States
- Design of TikTok algorithm
- Tiktok’s machine learning
- Controversy in the United States
- Security concerns
- American vs. Chinese technology companies
- Influence on US culture
- TikTok in the present day
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/tik-tok
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#324 | Artificial Intelligence & Language Learning
Artificial Intelligence technology is more advanced than ever before.
What does this mean for language learners, and how can you, as an English learner, use AI to supercharge your language learning?
- An AI's answer to the question of “What impact will AI have on language learning?”
- Introduction to ChatGPT
- A brief overview of Artificial Intelligence
- Existing forms of Artificial Intelligence
- Increasing possibilities of technology in language learning
- AI as a tool to correct mistakes
- AI as a 24/7 private tutor
- AI to correct writing
- Why you shouldn't rely on AI to write for you
- How to use AI as a tool for learning
- Preview of attempting to get an AI to write a podcast script
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/ai-language-learning
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#322 | A King in Waiting | The Life of Charles III
He has been waiting to become king for 70 years, and was the longest king-in-waiting in British history.
In this episode, we look at the life of King Charles III.
- The early life of Charles III
- School & university
- The duty of finding a wife
- Meeting Lady Diana Spencer
- "Whatever "in love" means"...
- Charles' approval rating
- Criticism in the media
- Charles' affair with Camilla
- Divorce from Diana
- Post Diana death
- The long preparation to become king
- The contradictions of King Charles III
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/life-charles-iii
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#320 | The Florida & Munich Hostage Disasters
In this episode, we look at two of the most famous hostage crises of the 20th century: the Florida Hostage Crisis and the Munich Hostage Crisis.
Both took place within a year of each other and went on to have a lasting impact on the world of hostage negotiation.
- Introduction to the Florida Hostage Crisis of 1971
- The unusual trio arrive on the runway
- The situation turns nasty
- The FBI is alerted
- Arriving in Jacksonville
- The end of the hostage crisis
- Why did this hostage crisis go so badly wrong?
- The 6-Day War & Black September
- The Israeli block is attacked
- The kidnappers make their demands
- Errors in the German response
- The hostages are taken to Furstenfeldbruck airfield
- The crisis goes terribly wrong
- The aftermath of the Munich Hostage Crisis
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/florida-munich-hostages
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#318 | A Job From Hell | Slaves in Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome was powered by the blood, sweat and tears of millions of slaves.
In this episode, we look at what life was like for really like people unlucky enough to be sold into slavery in Ancient Rome.
- The capture of a slave in Ancient Rome
- Aristotle & Slavery
- How slaves were recruited
- How many slaves were there in Ancient Rome?
- Who could become a slave?
- What happened to slaves after they were captured?
- The different roles of male vs. female slaves
- How much did slaves cost in Ancient Rome?
- What jobs did slaves do?
- The most unfortunate type of slave: the actor
- The better roles for slaves
- Working in the mines
- Slave uprisings
- Improving rights for slaves
- How slaves could be freed
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/ancient-roman-slaves
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#316 | The World Cup’s Five Biggest Controversies
The FIFA World Cup is full of controversy, on and off the pitch.
In this episode, we look at five of the most controversial episodes in World Cup history and finish up with five interesting facts about the world's most popular football tournament.
- Controversy #1: Diego Maradona & The Hand of God
- Controversy #2: The murder of Andres Escobar
- Controversy #3: The Kuwait Goal Scandal
- Controversy #4: Zinedine Zidane headbutt
- Controversy #5: Italy decide to play in black
- Trivia point #1: The unusual location of the first world cup
- Trivia point #2: How much beer is drunk
- Trivia point #3: How many people watch the world cup
- Trivia point #4: Pickles the trophy-finding dog
- Trivia point #5: The controversy of the Qatar World Cup
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/world-cup-controversies
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#314 | Michael Jackson | The Troubled Life of The King of Pop
He was the undisputed King of Pop, with 13 number-one hits, hundreds of millions of fans and a legacy that will continue to inspire artists for generations to come.
But beneath the surface, Michael Jackson's life was plagued by insecurity, loneliness, and deep-rooted demons that would ultimately lead to his untimely and tragic death.
- The early life of Michael Jackson
- His relationship with his father
- The early success of The Jackson 5
- "I Want You Back" - the first big hit
- The first number one & becoming a child prodigy
- Breaking away from his brothers
- Becoming the global King of Pop
- His unusual private life
- His accident and physical changes
- Releasing "Bad"
- Allegations of child abuse
- Marriage and children
- His death and subsequent inquiry
- The legacy of Michael Jackson
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/michael-jackson
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#312 | A History of Witches | Misogyny, Magic and Murder
For centuries, a woman could be accused of being a witch for the simple crime of being too poor, too rich, or too old.
For those accused, the trials were deeply unfair, and the punishment was often torture and death.
In this episode, we explore the unfair and bloody history of witches.
- The Salem Witch Trials
- The punishments given for witches at Salem
- What actually was a "witch"?
- Reasons people could be accused of being a witch
- Black vs. White magic
- Witches & the Black Death
- Malleus Maleficarum: The Catholic Church's witch instruction manual
- How witch trials worked
- King James VI & witches
- Why witch fears declined
- Witches in modern culture
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/witches
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#310 | A History of Vampires | Fangs, Fear and Fiction
For hundreds of years, people have been afraid of blood-sucking creatures that rise from the dead.
But where does the vampire myth actually come from, what happened to the people accused of being a vampire, and what if there was a simple, biological explanation for it all?
- The start of Bram Stoker's Dracula
- The fundamental characteristics of vampires
- Vampires in ancient European folklore
- Why people might have thought vampires needed to drink blood
- Vampires being blamed for the plague
- The Great Vampire Epidemic
- The story of Petar Blagojević
- John Polidori’s The Vampyre
- Vampires & Vlad The Impaler
- Vampires on film
- Modern vampires
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/vampires
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#308 | The Murder of Daphne Caruana Galizia Part 3 | A Culture of Impunity
It has been 5 years since the murder of Daphne Caruana Galizia.
In part three of this three-part mini-series, we look at what has happened since then and ask ourselves whether we are any closer to knowing the truth.
- Recap of the story so far
- Vince Muscat starts talking to the police
- Melvin Theuma: the middleman
- Yorgen Fenech & 17 Black
- The phantom job
- Melvin Theuma starts getting paranoid
- The arrest of Melvin Theuma
- The letter to be passed to Yorgen Fenech
- Keith Schembri's lost phone
- The public inquest
- Political changes since Daphne's death
- The corruption and scandal involved in Daphne's murder investigation
- Will the killers ever be brought to justice?
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/daphne-caruana-galizia-part-3
#307 | The Murder of Daphne Caruana Galizia Part 2 | Crooks Everywhere You Look
A few months after Daphne's brutal assassination, the Maltese police raided a potato shed.
They would "find" three men who would later admit to being involved in the murder, but were they really any closer to the truth?
- The initial investigations of Daphne's murder
- The December raid on the potato shed
- Vince Muscat & The DeGiorgio Brothers
- How the police caught the hitmen
- November 2019: when everything changed
- The arrest of Yorgen Fenech
- The power goes out and Keith Schembri is arrested
- Yorgen Fenech promises to "spill the beans"
- Fenech's pardon request is refused
- The resignation of the Prime Minister, Joseph Muscat
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/daphne-caruana-galizia-part-2
#306 | The Murder of Daphne Caruana Galizia Part 1 | Cocaine, Corruption, and Filthy Money
On October 16th, 2017, a 52-year-old journalist was blown up in a car bomb outside her home in Malta.
In part one of our three-part mini-series, we'll learn about who she was, and who might have wanted her dead.
- The assassination of Daphne Caruana Galizia
- Introduction to Malta
- Why small island countries are more prone to corruption
- The early career of Daphne Caruana Galizia
- Why Daphne Caruana Galizia was so popular
- Economic growth in 21st-century Malta
- “Malta is 17 miles by nine and flooded with cocaine, corruption, and filthy money”
- Daphne's corruption allegations in Malta
- Why Daphne was very unpopular with some Maltese citizens
- The attacks and harassment she faced
- Claims against Konrad Mizzi, Keith Schembri & Joseph Muscat
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/daphne-caruana-galizia-part-1
#304 | The Life of Donald Trump
He was the 45th President of the USA and the most controversial in recent history.
In this episode, we look at the life of Donald J. Trump and examine how he went from real estate developer to the leader of the free world.
- The early life of Donald Trump
- His paternal and maternal influences
- Accusations of racism against Fred Trump
- Avoiding getting drafted in the Vietnam War ("bone spurs")
- Getting into business with The Trump Organization
- Early business controversies
- Going upmarket and entering the casino business
- A small loan of 1 million dollars
- Developing the family business and becoming a (self-reported) billionaire
- Business problems in the 1990s
- Becoming a TV celebrity after "The Apprentice"
- Donald Trump's business failures & controversies
- Trump's political alliances over the years
- His path to The White House
- A return to politics?
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/donald-trump
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#302 | The Bloody History of Bullfighting
It's one of the most controversial topics in modern Spain; some say it's a cultural art form, and others say it's a brutal form of torture.
In this episode, we look at the history of bullfighting through the ages and ask ourselves what lies ahead.
- The matador looks up to the crowd
- What happens in a bullfight
- The early history of bullfighting
- Bullfighting in the Iberian peninsula
- The first "anti-bullfighting" legislation in the 16th Century
- The development of "modern" bullfighting
- The different styles of bullfighting
- General Franco & bullfighting
- The opposition to bullfighting
- Bullfighting today
- Will bullfighting ever be banned in Spain?
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/bullfighting
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#300 | Plastic Recycling - Is It Worth It?
We have been recycling for decades, yet only 9% of the world's plastic has ever been successfully recycled.
In this episode, we ask ourselves the heretical question, "is plastic recycling actually worth it?"
- A brief history of plastic usage
- How much plastic do we really use?
- The uses (and advantages) of plastic
- Plastic's advantages in food production
- Plastic's usage in medicine
- Plastic as a way to reduce energy usage?
- The durability of plastic
- The problem of what to do with plastic after we have finished using it
- What proportion of the world actually recycles?
- The environmental "cost" of recycling
- Plastic vs. cotton bags: the numbers
- Recycling + reducing + reusing
- Simple acts to reduce plastic usage
- Technological developments with recycling
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/plastic-recycling
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#298 | A Brief History of Climate Change
For thousands of years, humans have had ideas about mankind's potential impact on the climate.
In this episode, we look at how these ideas have changed, the men and women who have contributed to them, and ask ourselves why it has taken so long to start paying attention.
- Ancient ideas about mankind's impact on the climate
- The North American "rain follows the plough" theory
- Joseph Fourier & The Greenhouse Effect
- Eunice Newton Foote's discovery about CO2
- The theory that burning coal might be causing temperatures to rise
- Svante Arrhenius & global heating
- Guy Callendar, the amateur meteorologist
- The fear of a return to the Ice Age
- The Great Smog of 1952 in London
- Charles David Keeling attributes human activity to climate change
- Were rising CO2 levels good or bad?
- The establishment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
- Modern climate change theories
- The role of the oil & gas industry
- Climate change deniers in US politics
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/history-climate-change
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#296 | Osama Bin Laden | The World's Most Wanted Man
He was put on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives" list in 1999, and he would only be removed after he was hunted down and killed by US operatives in 2011
In this episode, we will tell the story of how Osama bin Laden went from a shy, religious young boy to the world's most famous terrorist.
- The early life of Osama bin Laden
- His time at university
- Deciding not to join the family business
- The Iranian Revolution of 1979
- The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
- Fighting in the Afghanistan War
- The invasion of Kuwait by Iraqi forces
- Why Osama bin Laden didn't want US forces in Saudi Arabia
- Losing his Saudi citizenship
- Launching Al Qaeda
- The 9/11 attacks
- Osama bin Laden's whereabouts after 9/11
- The killing of Osama bin Laden
- What was found in Osama bin Laden's compound
- Popular misconceptions about Osama bin Laden
- The legacy of Osama bin Laden
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/osama-bin-laden
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#294 | By Ballot Or By Bullet | The Life of Malcolm X
He was the American civil-rights leader who was a prominent spokesman for the Nation of Islam. Yet he grew too powerful and was killed by the same organisation he had represented.
In this episode, we look at the amazing life, impact and legacy of Malcolm X.
- The assassination of Malcolm X
- The early family life of Malcolm X ("Little")
- The death of Malcolm's father
- The teenage years of Malcolm X
- Going to prison and finding religion
- Joining The Nation of Islam
- Becoming Malcolm "X"
- Converting Americans to the Nation of Islam (including Mohammed Ali)
- Clip of Malcolm X speaking
- The attack on Hinton Johnson
- Becoming known to the press (and the police)
- Going on a global tour
- Malcolm X vs. Martin Luther King
- Breaking with the Nation of Islam
- The murder of Malcolm X
- His legacy on the civil rights movement
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/malcolm-x
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#292 | Chess & The Cold War
The game of chess played a vital role during the Cold War, allowing Russia and the United States to fight intellectual battles over a board game.
In this episode, we'll explore how the game of chess was used in a world where nuclear weapons could not.
- The modern-day political impact of Chess
- The life of Anatoly Karpov
- The start of the Cold War
- Why chess was the battleground for the Cold War
- History of chess & statesmanship
- The "Fried Chicken Tournament"
- Why the USSR had a head start on the USA
- The early popularity of Chess in the USSR
- The fighting of "proxy wars" in the 1960s
- The relationship between KGB & chess players
- The bizarre 1978 Chess Championship in Manilla
- The arrival of Garry Kasparov
- Chess in the modern day
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/chess-cold-war
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#290 | Sigmund Freud | Father of Psychoanalysis
To some, he was a visionary who helped us understand our unconscious mind. To others, he was a sex-crazed maniac who made no contributions to psychiatry.
In this episode, we'll explore the fascinating life and works of Sigmund Freud.
- The early life of Sigmund Freud
- Theories of the mind in 19th century Europe
- Meeting the love of his life, Martha Bernays
- Freud's first medical "treatment": cocaine
- Moving to Paris and studying with Jean-Martin Charcot
- The idea of the unconscious mind
- "The plunging of sexuality in theory and practice is not to my taste’"
- Opening his own "talking therapy" practice
- Coining the term "psychoanalysis"
- The publication of The Interpretation of Dreams
- Freud & The Oedipus Complex
- The publication of The Psychopathology of Everyday Life, and the idea of "Freudian slips"
- His friendship with Carl Jung
- The First World War breaks out
- Deteriorating health and final years
- The complicated legacy of Sigmund Freud
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/freud
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#288 | Albert Pierrepoint | Britain’s Most Famous Executioner
He was Britain's most famous hangman and was responsible for the executions of up to 600 prisoners.
In this episode, we'll explore the curious life of a man who ended people's lives for a living.
- The unusual boyhood dream of Albert Pierrepoint
- Executions running in the family
- Capital punishment in the UK in the early 20th century
- Becoming an assistant executioner and working with his uncle
- Conducting his first execution
- The "long drop"
- Executing Nazi war criminals
- Becoming a pub landlord
- Why Albert Pierrepoint was so successful
- Controversial hangings in the 1950s
- Was he really a kind and gentle man?
- Retiring from his job as an executioner
- The beliefs of Albert Pierrepoint about capital punishment
- Legacy in books, films & TV
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/albert-pierrepoint
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#286 | The Atomic Bomb Part 3: The Aftermath
Part three of our three-part mini-series on The Atomic Bomb.
Ever since the atomic bomb was dropped, people have been asking whether it was actually necessary.
In this episode, we'll explore the arguments for and against the use of atomic weapons in World War II, and look at how this has changed the world we live in.
- Recap of the journey to dropping the bombs on Hiroshima & Nagasaki
- The American reasons for dropping the bomb
- “It seems to be the most terrible thing ever discovered, but it can be made the most useful…”
- Arguments against dropping the bomb on Hiroshima & Nagasaki
- #1: Drop a demonstration bomb somewhere else
- #2: Japan would have surrendered without a bomb
- #3: The use of atomic weapons is ethically unacceptable
- American counterarguments
- The scientists who were against dropping the atomic bomb
- Post-war theories about why the atomic bomb was used
- Was Japan really close to surrendering?
- Nuclear proliferation since 1945
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/atomic-bomb-aftermath
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#284 | The Atomic Bomb Part 1: The Manhattan Project
Part one of this three-part mini-series on The Atomic Bomb.
In this episode, we explore the discovery of nuclear fission, the key scientists involved, The Manhattan Project and the race to develop a functioning atomic bomb.
- Early ideas about atomism
- Modern atomic theory in the 19th and 20th centuries
- The discovery of nuclear fission
- War breaks out in Europe
- Einstein and Szilárd's letter to President Roosevelt
- The Manhattan Project
- The first atomic test in Nevada
- “Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds”
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/manhattan-project
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[BONUS: REPLAY] The Rise of Air Conditioning
It has gone from luxury to necessity, and there are over 2 billion air conditioning units in the world today.
In this episode, we'll take a look at how air conditioning got started, why people didn't mind being hot in the past, and what the true cost of staying cool might be for future generations.
- Staying cool is nothing new: Romans & Egyptian methods
- Ding Huan & the rotating fan
- Why people were afraid of creating cold artificially
- How the Dutch magician Cornelis Drebbel tricked King James I in 1620
- Benjamin Franklin getting sweaty one July in Philadelphia
- Primitive air conditioning by pumping air over ice
- Did people actually mind that there was no air conditioning?
- Willis H. Carrier & the first air conditioning unit
- Convincing the US public that it was something they needed
- 1920s sweaty American cinemas
- Spending $600,000 on an air conditioning unit in 1932
- The boom of air conditioning in the US
- How many households around the world have air conditioning in 2021?
- The impact of air conditioning: the good, the bad & the unexpected
- Environmental impact of air conditioning
- Future of air conditioning in the developing world
- New air conditioning technologies: high & low tech
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/air-conditioning
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#282 | Joe Rogan & Spotify | The Most Expensive Podcast In The World
He is the world's highest-paid podcaster, and his podcast was acquired by Spotify for a reported $200 million in 2020.
But who actually is Joe Rogan, and what does this deal mean for independent podcasts?
- Introduction to Spotify
- A time when you couldn't listen to podcasts on Spotify
- How Spotify works (as a business)
- The business model of most podcasts
- The Joe Rogan Experience podcast
- Who is Joe Rogan?
- Why Spotify decided to buy the Joe Rogan Experience
- The commentator's opinion of the acquisition
- Controversies of the Joe Rogan Experience
- The Platform vs. Publisher debate
- The future of independent podcasters & Spotify
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/joe-rogan-spotify
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#280 | The Tower of London
It is one of London's most famous tourist attractions, and it has an amazing history that not all tourists are aware of.
In this episode, we'll explore the bloody but fascinating history of London's oldest standing building.
- The arrival of William The Conqueror in 1066
- How The Tower of London was built
- What The Tower of London was used for in the Middle Ages
- The country's most famous prison
- "Being sent to The Tower"
- Famous people who were executed at The Tower of London
- The Beefeaters of The Tower of London
- The Tower of London as a zoo
- The Royal Mint
- The first prisoner to escape from The Tower of London
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/tower-of-london
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#278 | Londongrad: Why Russian Oligarchs Fell In Love With Britain’s Capital
Since the collapse of the USSR, London has become the city of choice for Russian oligarchs.
In this episode, we'll explore how the UK's capital welcomed Russian money and why London became nicknamed "Londongrad".
- Roman Abramovich buys Chelsea
- Definition of "oligarch"
- Why was London the destination of choice for Russian oligarchs?
- London's cultural appeal
- The English legal system
- The English libel laws
- London as a financial hub
- Company ownership in the UK
- The "Golden Visa" scheme
- Links between Russian oligarchs and British politics
- Evgeny Lebedev becomes "Baron Lebedev"
- London doesn't ask questions about the origin of money
- The Russian invasion of Ukraine
- The future of "Londongrad"
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/londongrad
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#276 | Oxbridge: Why Two Universities Dominate Britain
Despite only educating 1% of the population Oxford and Cambridge University have a tight grip over everything from UK politics to business.
In this episode, we look at what life at Oxbridge is like, why graduates often go on to such powerful positions, and see what these two universities have been doing to improve access to disadvantaged children.
- Global rankings of Oxford & Cambridge university
- Influence and power of Oxbridge
- How Oxbridge is divided (the "college" system)
- How much students at Oxbridge need to work
- The most prestigious of the Oxbridge colleges
- Christ Church Oxford: the college that has produced 13 Prime Ministers
- Trinity College Cambridge: the college that has produced 34 Nobel prize winners
- Famous alumni of Oxbridge
- Why are graduates of Oxbridge so successful?
- Is access to Oxbridge fair?
- Private schools & Oxbridge
- Getting into Oxbridge vs. American universities
- The Varsity Blues scandal
- Curiosities of Oxbridge: Harry Potter, a library with 13 million books, the head of Oliver Cromwell and a tortoise race
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/oxbridge
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#274 | The Rise of The Great Fashion Houses
The 20th century saw the creation of world-famous luxury fashion houses.
In this episode, we'll explore the stories of Chanel, Dior, Gucci and Versace, and look at how they changed what we wear.
- The first fashion designer: Charles Frederick Worth
- The concept of "off the peg" clothes
- Coco Chanel
- Chanel & The Duke of Westminster
- The founding of Gucci
- The role of sanctions on Italy
- The later life of the Gucci family
- Christian Dior - designing in post-war Paris
- "This is a new look"
- Gianni Versace
- Versace's approach to using celebrities
- "Quality is remembered long after the price is forgotten" - Aldo Gucci
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#272 | Apollo 13
It was meant to be a simple space mission to the moon, but 56 hours into the flight tragedy struck.
In this episode, we'll learn how three astronauts managed to use teamwork and quick thinking to escape death and return to Earth alive.
- Background to the Apollo programme
- The objective of the Apollo 13 mission
- The pilots of the Apollo 13 mission
- The three parts of the Apollo 13 spacecraft
- The importance of ground control at Houston
- The uneventful first 56 hours of the mission
- A piece of routine maintenance goes wrong
- "Houston, we've had a problem"
- What actually went wrong?
- Losing all power and being 330,000 km away from Earth
- How quick thinking turned this lunar mission into a rescue mission
- Figuring out the path back
- Conserving oxygen and water and going around the moon
- Fixing the spacecraft to avoid getting carbon dioxide poisoning
- Returning to Earth
- The legacy of Apollo 13
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/apollo-13
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#270 | The Inimitable Charles Dickens
He was the Victorian era's most famous social writer, and his novels were loved by everyone from Queen Victoria to street children.
In this episode we'll learn about Charles Dickens shone a light on the injustices of 19th century Britain and invented the modern idea of Christmas.
- Definition of "inimitable"
- The early life of Charles Dickens
- His early experience with grinding poverty
- Becoming a legal clerk and then reporting on parliamentary debates
- His talent for writing sketches
- His first book: The Pickwick Papers
- The serial publication style of Charles Dickens
- The private life of Charles Dickens
- His vast literary output
- The social activism of Charles Dickens
- Going on tour in his later years
- The fame of Charles Dickens
- His universal appeal
- Charles Dickens & the modern idea of Christmas
- The legacy of Charles Dickens
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/charles-dickens
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#268 | Grigori Rasputin - The Mad Monk
He was the peasant who went from a village in Siberia to the centre of the Russian imperial court, befriending the Tsar and Tsarina, and playing a role in the downfall of Russia’s longest-serving dynasty, The Romanovs.
In this episode, we'll learn about the unlikely but fascinating life of Grigori Rasputin.
- Russia in 1900
- Overview of the fall of the Romanov Dynasty
- The early life of Grigory Yefimovich Novykh ("Rasputin")
- Discovering the "Khylsts" and “sinning to drive out sin”
- Earning the nickname of "The Mad Monk"
- Rasputin's personal hygiene (or lack of)
- Curing the Tsar's son, Alexei
- Securing a place within the imperial family
- Rasputin's relationship with the Tsarina, Alexandra
- An assassination attempt by a noseless peasant
- The plot to kill Rasputin
- The (very long) murder of Rasputin
- Russia after Rasputin's death
- The legacy (and importance) of Grigori Rasputin on Russian history
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/rasputin
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#266 | What’s Happening In San Francisco?
It is one of the most influential cities in the United States but has recently been accused of falling into disrepair, with rising homelessness and open drug dealing.
In this episode, we'll look at what is happening in San Francisco, what has caused this, who and what is thought to be responisble, and what is being done to change it.
- The mothers' billboards: “Unfortunately, we’re just as famous for our dirt-cheap fentanyl”
- A brief history of San Francisco
- The tech boom contributes to an increase in house prices
- San Francisco's growing homeless population
- Drug use and petty crime
- The election of Chesa Boudin
- Chesa Boudin's personal experience with imprisonment
- Proposition 47: The Safe Neighborhoods and Schools Act
- Theories about the causes of San Francisco's decline
- The San Francisco budget: more per capita than any other US city
- The use of fentanyl in San Francisco
- The recall Chesa Boudin campaign
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/san-francisco
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[BONUS] A Conversation with Lindsay from All Ears English
An interview with Lindsay McMahon from All Ears English.
We discuss why learners should focus on "connection, not perfection", why this can be difficult for people, and Lindsay gives three practical tips on what you can do about this.
- What is All Ears English?
- What does "Connection Not Perfection" mean?
- Where does the idea of Connection Not Perfection come from?
- What is the problem with perfectionism?
- How does this apply to language learners?
- 3 practical tips that learners can use to better "connect" with English
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/all-ears-english-interview
Listen to the All Ears English podcast: https://podfollow.com/all-ears-english-podcast
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#264 | Meyer Lansky: The Mafia's Accountant
He was a famous organised criminal known for his superior mathematical skills.
In this episode, we'll learn how Meyer Lansky took the American criminal underworld by storm, built an empire and managed to evade the authorities.
- The early life of Meyer Lansky
- Befriending Bugsy Siegel & Lucky Luciano
- The relationship between the Jewish & Italian mobs
- The mob & The Prohibition Era
- The Atlantic City Conference & the United Crime Syndicate
- The end of Prohibition & starting in the casino business
- Getting a reputation for "honesty"
- Moving to Florida and setting up casinos
- His relationship with Batista in Cuba
- Las Vegas & the Flamingo Hotel
- Returning to Cuba & The Havana Conference
- Fidel Castro takes power and Lansky loses everything
- His last years
- Where did all the money go?
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/meyer-lansky
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#262 | JK Rowling & The Battle To Publish Harry Potter
On 26 June 1997, an unknown author published a book called Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone.
Harry Potter would go on to become the best-selling series in literary history, selling over 500 million copies worldwide.
The journey to get there, however, was far from simple.
- The early life of JK Rowling
- Her mother's illness
- Getting the idea for Harry Potter
- Losing her mother, moving to Porto and her unhappy first marriage
- Escaping to Edinburgh
- Writing Harry Potter in a cafe while her daughter slept
- Trying to find a publisher for Harry Potter
- Why Harry Potter was rejected by so many publishers
- The daughter of the boss of Bloomsbury Publishing reads one chapter
- Getting her first book deal
- The reception of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
- Seeing JK Rowling's personal story in Harry Potter
- Taking the book to the USA
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/publishing-harry-potter
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#260 | The Cambridge Analytica Scandal
In March of 2018, it was revealed that 50 million Facebook profiles had been "hacked" and used to target American voters.
The story involved Donald Trump, a supposed Russian spy, a Cambridge researcher and a political consulting company.
The only problem was, how much of it was actually true?
- The breaking of the story on March 18th 2018
- A summary of the Cambridge Analytica report in The Guardian
- The academic: Aleksandr Kogan
- The role of Facebook in 2012
- Quiz apps on Facebook (and their real purpose)
- The role of Cambridge Analytica (the company)
- Building "This Is Your Digital Life"
- How many people took the quiz?
- Was there really a "data breach"?
- What was Aleksandr Kogan's involvement in the story?
- The results come in: was the Facebook data effective at guessing someone's personality?
- Cambridge Analytica's message to its clients: "5,000 data points on over 220 million Americans"
- Working for Ted Cruz
- Working for the Donald Trump Campaign
- The news breaking in 2018
- Was Cambridge Analytica involved in Brexit?
- Conclusion: Did Cambridge Analytica actually have any involvement in the US election?
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/cambridge-analytica
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#258 | The War Of The Currents
In the late 19th century there was fierce competition to provide electricity to the rapidly industrialising USA. The winner would be rewarded with huge wealth and fame.
But who would claim the prize, and how dirty would the fight get?
- Difference between AC & DC
- The Golden Age in America
- Early electrical inventions
- The race to invent indoor electric lighting
- Thomas Edison's incandescent electric light bulb
- Why Edison pushed for DC
- The problems with DC
- The opportunity for a monopoly
- Creating a challenge for Edison's employees
- Breaking with Tesla
- What was better: AC or DC?
- The arrival of George Westinghouse
- The battle gets dirty as Edison fears he is losing
- The creation of the first electric chair
- The execution of William Kemmler
- Westinghouse's AC system wins the contract for the 1893 World Fair
- The legacy of The War of Currents
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/war-of-the-currents
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#256 | Where Does All Our Rubbish Go?
Worldwide we produce over 2 billion tonnes of rubbish every year.
In this episode, we explore the history of rubbish collection and look at what happens to our rubbish after the truck comes to take it away.
- How much rubbish does the average person throw away?
- Iceland vs. Lesotho
- How much is actually recycled
- A brief history of rubbish disposal
- Rubbish disposal in Ancient Greece
- Monte Testaccio & disposal of amphorae in Ancient Rome
- The four categories of rubbish disposal
- "Frank" & his rubbish disposal
- The incineration vs. landfill debate
- Recycling: how much actually ends up being recycled?
- Recycling throughout history
- Perverse incentives with recycling
- Developments in recycling
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#254 | En Garde! A History Of Duelling
For much of human civilisation, people have fought each to the death as a way of resolving arguments.
In this episode, we'll explore the curious and bloody history of one-on-one combat, from ancient Rome to 20th century France.
- The most recent "modern" duel (1967, France)
- The ancient concept of "champion warfare"
- Trial by combat: a legal way to resolve a dispute
- How trial by combat worked: a practical perspective
- Why trial by combat died out
- Trial by combat in Scandinavia: "Holmgang"
- Renaissance duelling for honour
- The role of the "second"
- The two French officers who duelled against each other 30 times in 19 years
- Duelling in the USA
- Duelling goes all the way to The White House: Andrew Jackson & Alexander Hamilton
- Why (and when) duelling stopped being popular
- The legacy of duelling in books, poetry and film
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/duelling
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#252 | Five Surprising Food Origins
In this episode, we'll explore the weird and fascinating origins of five foods that you know and (perhaps) love.
From the sandwich to tomato ketchup, chicken tikka masala, fish & chips and even the teabag, discover the weird and wonderful stories behind these well-known dishes.
- Weird origin story #1: The Sandwich
- Weird origin story #2: Tomato ketchup
- Weird origin story #3: Fish & chips
- Weird origin story #4: Chicken tikka masala
- Weird origin story #5: The tea bag
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/unusual-food-origins
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#250 | A History of Smoking
There are over a billion smokers across the world, and over 7 trillion cigarettes are smoked every year.
In this episode, we'll look at the history of smoking, from the "discovery" of tobacco by Christopher Columbus to how tobacco companies keep us smoking, even when we know the dangers to our health.
- Tobacco in indigenous societies in the Americas
- 1492 - the year Christopher Columbus discovers tobacco
- The etymology of "tobacco"
- Jean Nicot finds a tobacco plant in Lisbon
- Catherine de Médici tries "snuff" for the first time
- Smoking sweeps across Europe
- The invention of the cigarette
- The invention of the cigarette rolling machine
- Smoking during World War I & II
- The 1964 headline: "Cigarettes Peril Health, U.S. Report Concludes."
- Smoking & society
- Cigarette advertising
- Legal cases against Big Tobacco
- The future of smoking - can it really be "smoke-free"?
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/history-of-smoking
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#248 | The Antarctic Treaty
It's an amazing piece of legislation that protects the Earth's most isolated continent.
In this episode, we'll learn all about the history of Antarctica, which countries tried to claim it as their territory, and how the situation was resolved to benefit all humankind.
- Background to Antarctica
- The early history of Antarctic exploration
- Antarctica and whaling
- The rush to discover the magnetic South Pole
- The Sixth International Geographical Congress
- Land claims on Antarctica
- The Cold War & Antarctica
- The International Geophysical Year
- The signing of the Antarctic Treaty
- What the Antarctic Treaty actually does
- The future of the Antarctic Treaty
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/antarctic-treaty
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#246 | Cornish Smugglers
In the 18th century, a small region of southwest England was the national centre for the illegal importing of goods such as tea and rum.
In this episode, we'll discover how smuggling really worked, who was involved, and why it was so successful for such a long period of time.
- Cornwall today
- Cornwall's relationship with London
- The Cornish identity
- Britain in the 18th century
- The reason that import taxes were so high
- Why Cornwall was such a centre for smuggling
- How smuggling worked in practical terms
- Why smuggling was so tolerated by the local population
- Honest vs. dishonest smugglers
- The strange English law about what you could do to goods found on a shipwreck
- John Carter: the "King of Prussia"
- How big a problem was smuggling in Britain?
- The end of smuggling in Britain
- The legacy of Cornish smugglers today
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/cornish-smugglers
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#244 | The Scandalous Life of Lord Byron
He was the Romantic poet famously described as "mad, bad, and dangerous to know".
In this episode, we'll learn about his scandalous life, how he shocked the nation so badly he had to leave, and how England's first "rock star poet" became a national hero in Greece.
- The early life of Lord Byron
- His time at Harrow school
- Going to Cambridge University, sleeping around, and keeping a bear as a pet
- His first poetic scandal
- Embarking on The Grand Tour and discovering Europe's more relaxed attitude
- Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage and returning to England a hero
- Returning to England and becoming a hero overnight
- His affairs and sexual exploits in England
- His relationship with Augusta, his half-sister
- Getting married and being a father to Ada (Lovelace)
- Running away to Europe
- A dark, moody summer writing Gothic horror with Percy and Mary Shelley
- His exploits in Venice
- Finding some order to life with Countess Teresa Guiccioli
- Moving to Greece and becoming caught up with Greek independence
- His early death aged 36
- The legacy of Lord Byron
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/byron
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#242 | Operation Pied Piper: The Evacuation of British Cities in World War II
In September 1939, the British government embarked on the biggest civilian operation in British history when it moved over a million children out of British cities to live with strangers in the countryside.
In this episode, we'll learn about this amazing mission and the mark it left on the country.
- September 1st, 1939 - the start of Operation Pied Piper
- Why children were sent away before the first bomb had even fallen
- Which cities were affected by evacuation?
- Dividing the country into three separate zones for evacuation
- Why it was called Operation Pied Piper
- Who was actually evacuated?
- Sending gold to Canada and paintings to Wales
- How the children were chosen to stay with host families
- How urban children reacted to countryside life
- Why the children returned after a few months of "the phoney war"
- Government propaganda: "Don't Do It, Mother. Leave the Children Where They Are"
- The Blitz starts and the children return to the countryside
- The mixed reaction of the evacuated children
- Psychological effects on evacuated children
- The mark Operation Pied Piper left on the country
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/operation-pied-piper
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#240 | The Rise and Fall of Boris Johnson
From a young age, he believed he was destined for greatness, and he became the UK's prime minister at the age of 55.
Discover how Boris Johnson's rise to power was unusual and full of contradictions, and how his fall was entirely predictable.
- Similarities between Donald Trump & Boris Johnson
- The early life of Boris Johnson
- A clever-but-lazy student
- His early career as a journalist
- Getting sacked for inventing quotes
- Breaking into politics
- Making lots of money (but never enough)
- His romantic life (what we know of it)
- Presenting TV programmes and being in the public eye
- Becoming Mayor of London
- Boris Johnson's attention to detail
- The decision to support Brexit
- Finally becoming Prime Minister of the UK
- Why Boris Johnson was so popular
- Boris Johnson's government during COVID
- "Partygate" and the ongoing fall of Boris Johnson
- “Nothing matters very much and most things don’t matter at all”
- The character of Boris Johnson
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/rise-and-fall-boris-johnson
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#238 | A Short History Of Tea
It's the second most popular drink in the world after water, with 3.7 billion cups drunk every single day.
In this episode, we explore tea's fascinating history, how it changed global politics, caused countries to go to war with each other, and literally changed the world.
- How much tea do we really drink every year?
- Myths about the discovery of tea
- Early tea consumption in East Asia
- Tea first being brought to Northern Europe
- Catherine of Braganza: the woman who brought tea to Britain
- Tea and The East India Company
- The Brits adding sugar to tea
- Britain struggling to find a product to exchange with China for tea
- Flooding China with opium
- The Opium Wars
- Sending spies deep into China to discover how tea was made
- Tea cultivation in British colonies
- Curious tea fact #1: The three different word groups for "tea" (and what they tell us)
- Curious tea fact #2: The invention of the teabag
- Curious tea fact #3: How to make the perfect cup of tea (advice from an expert)
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/history-of-tea
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#236 | How To Use Podcasts To Improve Your English [My Favourite Strategies]
Learn how to actually use podcasts to improve your English listening, vocabulary, speaking, and even writing.
This is a special episode packed full of tips & tricks to help you use podcasts in a more effective way.
- What most people do when listening to podcasts to learn a language
- Listening tip #1: How to become a more attentive listener
- Listening tip #2: Listening out for word/phrase use
- Listening tip #3: Listening out for sounds of English
- Podcast superpowers: how to use them as a learning exercise
- Vocabulary tip #1: How to go from passive to active vocabulary
- Speaking tip #1: Recording yourself, techniques to do so (and why this works)
- Speaking tip #2: Shadowing (and why this works)
- (Bonus) Speaking tip #3: Simultaneous translation (warning: advanced)
- Writing tip #1: Summaries & reflections
- The importance of writing in English as a way to clarify thoughts
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/how-to-use-podcasts-improve-english
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#234 | The Future of The British Royal Family
On February 6th, the 95-year-old Queen Elizabeth will celebrate her 70th anniversary of being the queen of the United Kingdom.
In this episode, we’ll ask ourselves what happens next, how will the next king be different, and what the future holds for the British Royal Family.
- The British royal family as a family business
- Practical question: who will the next monarch be?
- The popularity of Queen Elizabeth II
- The problems ahead for Prince Charles
- The public perception of Prince Charles
- Why the British royal family will reduce in size
- The Prince Andrew scandal
- How might Prince ("King") Charles deal with Prince William?
- Prince William & Princess Kate: the future of the British monarchy?
- Allowing more access to the British royal family
- Relationship between the British monarchy and the British parliament
- The successes of Queen Elizabeth II
- Charles I vs. Charles II vs. Charles III
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/future-british-monarchy
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#232 | When Britain Killed Its King
In the 17th century, Britain decided to kill its king and experiment with life without a monarch.
In this episode we'll learn about the English Civil War, the 11 years the country spent without a monarch, why the monarchy was eventually restored, and the impact this had on the country.
- The background to the English Civil Wars
- The Divine Right of Kings
- The errors of judgment of Charles I
- Dissolving Parliament in 1629
- Religious divisions in Great Britain
- Trust breaking down between the King and Parliament
- Civil War breaks out
- The nature of The First English Civil War
- The rise of Oliver Cromwell
- The trial and execution of King Charles I
- The second and third English Civil Wars
- The Interregnum
- The death of Oliver Cromwell and the return of Charles II to the throne
- What was life like when Britain didn't have a king
- The influence of "life without a king" on the country
- The legacy of Oliver Cromwell
- How to punish a man who had already died
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/britain-killed-its-king
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#230 | The Opioid Crisis
Over the past twenty years, over half a million Americans have died of opioid overdoses.
In this episode, we'll explore how this happened, who is responsible, and ask ourselves whether the USA will ever be able to kick its addiction to prescription opioids.
- Origin of "opioid"
- Opioid overdoses in the US vs Western Europe
- What caused the boom in opioid use in the United States?
- Morphine & heroin during the American Civil War
- The arrival of OxyContin
- Purdue Pharma sales representatives' tactics to sell the drug to doctors
- Increasing the doses for patients
- The "less than 1% of patients become addicted" claim
- People start abusing the drug
- Senior executives are aware but do nothing
- The cycle of addiction that doctors saw
- Moving onto heroin & fentanyl
- Why fentanyl is so powerful and dangerous
- Who has been held responsible for the opioid crisis?
- The Sackler Family (and its quest for immunity)
- Opioid prescriptions are down, but overdoses are up
- Is a solution for the opioid crisis possible?
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/opioid-crisis
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#228 | The Crazy Life of Elvis Presley
He was told by countless people that he would never make it as a star, yet by his mid-20s he was the most successful musician in the world.
In this episode, we'll learn about how Elvis Presley defied all his critics, became the biggest star of the 1960s, created the category of rock and roll but then lost the battle with his personal demons.
- The USA that Elvis Presley was born into
- Being given his third choice of birthday present: a guitar
- Coming fifth place in a singing competition
- Moving to Memphis and developing his own style
- Recording his first song at the studio of Sun Records
- Failing to achieve success and being told to continue driving a truck
- His first hit: "That's All Right"
- The musical style of Elvis Presley
- His first tour in 1954, aged only 19
- Thrusting his hips and causing controversy
- Letter to the FBI: "Presley is a definite danger to the security of the United States"
- Meeting Colonel Tom Parker, his exploitative manager
- Going on the Ed Sullivan show
- How much of his own music did Elvis actually write?
- Trying to make it as a Hollywood star
- Joining the army
- Meeting the 14-year old Priscilla Beaulieu
- Discovering prescription drugs
- Returning to music after a 7-year break
- The Elvis comeback
- The Las Vegas years & a changed image
- His marriage breaking up
- His two addictions: prescription drugs & fast food
- His love for "Fool's Gold"
- How he died, and how it was covered up by his family
- The rise of the Elvis impersonator
- The legacy of Elvis Presley
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/elvis-presley
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#226 | The Amazing Life Of Ray Charles
His early life was full of tragedy and misfortune, but Ray Charles never let this get in his way.
In this episode, we'll learn about how Ray Charles overcame adversity to become one of the most loved musicians in American history.
- The early life of Ray Charles: born to a teenage mother in an institutionally racist country
- Ray Charles: "Even compared to other blacks we were on the bottom of the ladder looking up at everyone else. Nothing below us except the ground"
- The death of Ray Chales' younger brother
- Going blind and being sent to a school for the blind
- Learning to play the piano (while blind)
- The death of his mother and moving to Jacksonville
- Trying to make ends meet playing music
- Copying the style of Nat King Cole
- Deciding to move to Seattle
- Making a name for himself in Seattle and meeting Quincy Jones
- Getting his first record deal & "I Got A Woman"
- Ray Charles' style: a combination of blues, jazz & gospel
- Why Ray Charles was unpopular with many pastors
- Ray Charles as an excellent businessman
- Where his confidence comes from - “you’re blind, you ain’t stupid”
- Battling his heroin addiction
- Ray Charles and women
- Later life and legacy
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/ray-charles
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#224 | Predictions Of The Future From The Past
As a general rule, people are very bad at predicting the future.
In this episode, we'll take a look at some predictions of the future from the past, looking at what people thought our "today" would be like, the times they got it wrong, the times they got it eerily correct, and we'll also look at some predictions about what the future holds for future generations.
- Why there was never a great need to "predict" the future until recently
- A Roman born in 100BC being transported 1,000 years into their future
- The prediction of Robert Malthus in 1798 about population
- Paul Ehrlich's 1968 prediction: "The Population Bomb"
- John Maynard Keynes's 1930 prediction about a reduced working week
- Predictions from 1900 about what cities would look like: flying cars, roofs, driving ships
- The Millennium Bug prediction
- The man who could predict the future: Nikolas Tesla
- Tesla predicting self-driving cars
- Tesla predicting video calling
- Tesla incorrectly predicting fashion choices
- Tesla predicting an increasing expenditure on scientific discovery vs. war
- Predictions today about our future: cancer, multi-planetary, metaverse
- The terrible predictions top 3: computers, silent films & everything being invented
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/predictions-of-future
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#222 | John Dillinger - American Bank Robber
He was the most famous bank robber in American history and is still thought of as a Robin Hood-type figure in popular culture.
Learn about how John Dillinger went from a quiet life to becoming America's Public Enemy Number One, and how the law finally caught up with him.
- The early life of John Dillinger: a naughty but not inherently bad boy
- Moving out of the city to stay out of trouble
- Being arrested for car theft and joining the navy
- Briefly getting his life back on track
- Meeting Ed Singleton and planning his first robbery
- The robbery that went wrong and subsequent arrest
- Being advised badly and going to prison for 9 years
- "I will be the meanest bastard you ever saw when I get out of here"
- Learning how to rob banks while in prison
- Being released from prison and returning to a life of crime
- Being arrested again and then rescued by friends from prison
- Going on the run and starting the bank-robbing spree
- Being arrested (again) and breaking out of prison by making a fake gun
- Being chased by the FBI
- Making front-page news
- Growing a moustache, dyeing his hair, then having plastic surgery
- Being betrayed by Anna Sage
- The final cinema trip of John Dillinger
- The legacy of John Dillinger
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/john-dillinger
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#220 | The Real Peaky Blinders
The Peaky Blinders were a violent gang that terrorised the streets of Birmingham in the late 19th century.
Who actually were these men, what did they do, to who and why, and were the "real" Peaky Blinders anything like the ones in the TV series?
- The start of the TV series "Peaky Blinders"
- Life in Victorian England
- Life in 19th century Birmingham
- Petty crime and drinking in urban areas
- The creation of the police force
- The "sloggers" of Birmingham
- The first "Peaky Blinders"
- Did the Peaky Blinders put razor blades in their caps?
- The genius of the Peaky Blinders TV series: transport the gang into the 1920s
- The real Peaky Blinders of the 1920s
- Billy Kimber, Alfie Solomons & Charles Sabinin
- Criminal activity at the race tracks
- The Epsom Road Battle
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/real-peaky-blinders
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#218 | The Rise Of Fast Food Part 3: Today & Tomorrow
In the space of fewer than 100 years, fast food has fundamentally changed the global culinary landscape.
In this episode, we explore how it has managed to grow so much and what it is doing to our societies, world and bodies, and ask ourselves whether we'll ever kick our fast-food addiction.
- 1% of the world's population will eat at McDonald's today
- The entire population of Scotland is flipping burgers in the United States
- The power of the fast-food lobby
- How the US government pays for Big Macs
- Why the fast-food industry won't stop growing
- Fast food during COVID-19
- Changing dining habits during the pandemic
- The rise of "fast-casual"
- The rise of environmentally friendly fast food
- How fast-food restaurants are changing (or not changing) to accommodate changing tastes
- Impact of fast food on our bodies and health
- Future of the fast-food industry
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/fast-food-3
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#216 | The Rise Of Fast Food Part 1: The Early Years
Every day 1% of the world's population will eat at McDonald's, and hundreds of millions more will eat burgers, chips and all sorts of different fast food.
But just how popular is it, how is it so cheap and where did it come from in the first place?
- Ancient "fast food"
- The first modern fast food at White Castle in 1921
- Bringing the automobile assembly line to the kitchen
- Why there was an early emphasis on cleanliness
- The 5 cents "Slider"
- Why White Castle didn't expand all over America
- The arrival of The Great Depression
- Richard & Maurice McDonald & the birth of the modern McDonald's restaurant
- The "Speedee Service System"
- The fast-food boom of the 1950s
- Ray Kroc discovers (and then buys) McDonald's
- Why McDonald's is so successful
- Adapting fast food to fit American culture
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/fast-food-1
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#214 | Robert Baden-Powell & The Boy Scouts
Within the course of a few years, Robert Baden-Powell created a global movement that united children from all over the world.
In this episode, we'll take a look at how he came up with the idea, why it was so appealing, and the legacy that he has left on the world.
- The early life of Robert Baden-Powell
- Doing what was expected of an upper-class Englishman in the Victorian era
- Baden-Powell in The Boer War
- The Siege of Mafeking
- Returning to the UK a hero
- The first-ever scouting trip
- The publication of Scouting for Boys
- The 1909 Jamboree and the arrival of girl scouts
- The Scouts as a socially-progressive organisation
- The appeal of the Boy Scouts
- The Scouts Promise
- The Scouts during World War I
- The Scouts in the post-war period
- Creating a mass global movement & becoming “Chief Scout of The World”
- The death of Baden-Powell and his legacy
- Scouting today
- The controversies The Scouts have faced
- The future of The Scouts
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/baden-powell-scouts
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#212 | A Short History of Childhood
Although there have always been children, the concept of "childhood" is more recent than many people think, with one French historian declaring that childhood didn't exist until the 17th century.
In this episode, we'll explore how ideas of childhood have changed, from John Locke to Jean-Jacques Rousseau, from the English Romantic poets right through to the creation of the teenager in post-war America.
- What exactly is a child? What is childhood? When do you stop being a child, and for what reasons?
- Phillipe Ariès: the author of “Centuries of Childhood”
- Infant mortality in the Medieval era
- Medieval ideas of childhood
- Childhood in the Enlightenment
- John Locke's idea of childhood: a tabula rasa
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau's idea of childhood: innate and natural, guided by emotions
- The Romantics on childhood: a blissful innocence
- Childhood during the Industrial Revolution
- Working 68 hours a week in Victorian Britain
- The Victorians develop children's literature
- The invention of the teenager
- Childhood today: better, worse, or just different?
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/history-of-childhood
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#210 | The Illogicality of The English Language
There is a lot about the English language that makes very little sense at all.
In this episode we look at some of these illogicalities, paying close attention to homonyms, homographs, homophones, and even something called lonely negatives.
- How many words are there in English?
- English: The Mongrel Language
- A quick history of the English language: Anglo-Saxons, Vikings & French
- The scribes making English spelling very complicated
- The typesetters introducing new spellings
- Finding classical ancestry for words in English
- Confusing English #1: Homophones
- Fork candles vs. Four candles
- Confusing English #2: Homophonyms
- Confusing English #3: Homophographs
- Confusing English #4: Lonely Negatives
- An extremely confusing sentence
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/illogicality-of-english
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#208 | A History of James Bond
He is the most famous spy in the world and has been drinking vodka martinis and driving fast cars since 1952.
In this episode, we'll look at the history of 007, his creator Ian Fleming, how Bond has changed over the years, and the fascinating family business behind the UK's most famous special agent.
- The classic image of James Bond
- Ian Fleming: the creator of the James Bond novels
- The first hit: Casino Royale
- How the James Bond novels are different from the James Bond films
- Why did he choose the name "James Bond" for 007?
- The very English death of Ian Fleming
- Why Sean Connery was a controversial choice to play James Bond
- Roger Moore, Pierce Brosnan & Daniel Craig
- How the James Bond character has changed
- The (family) business of James Bond
- The future of James Bond
- The accents of James Bond
- James Bond speaking Russian & German
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/history-of-james-bond
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#206 | Queen Elizabeth II
She is the longest-serving monarch in British history and has lived through 14 British prime ministers and 13 US presidents.
In this episode, we'll take a look at the remarkable life of Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor, and ask ourselves how she, the monarchy, and the country have changed since she became queen almost 70 years ago.
- Why Elizabeth was an unlikely queen
- King Edward VIII and his abdication
- The death of King George VI
- The young life of Elizabeth
- Becoming queen in 1952
- The changing world in 1952
- The personal life of Queen Elizabeth
- How much do we actually know about her views?
- How has the British monarchy changed since she took the throne?
- Is Queen Elizabeth still popular in Britain?
- The controversies of Queen Elizabeth
- 1992: her "annus horribilis"
- Recent controversies: Windsor Castle, Diana, Harry & Meghan, Prince Andrew
- The language of Queen Elizabeth: "The Queen's English"
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/queen-elizabeth-ii
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#204 | Brexit: Part 2
Part Two of our Brexit mini-series focuses on the Brexit vote itself.
In this episode, we'll look at why the UK held a referendum in the first place, how the campaign was fought, who voted for and against Brexit (and for what reasons), and why it was ultimately the vote to leave the European Union that proved successful.
- Recap of Britain's complicated relationship with Europe
- Why did the UK hold a referendum on EU membership in the first place?
- The rise of Euroscepticism & UKIP
- David Cameron & the Conservative Party
- Did people care about the EU before the Brexit vote?
- "Indescribably selfish recklessness"
- The Brexit campaign: Leave vs. Remain
- Reluctant Remainers
- Messaging of the Remain campaign ("An Unnecessary Risk")
- Messaging of the Leave campaign ("Take Back Control")
- Who voted to remain?
- Who voted to leave?
- “I think the people of this country have had enough of experts”
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/brexit-part-2
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#202 | A History of Fake News
The term "fake news" came to prominence in late 2016, but the idea of fake news is as old as time.
In this episode, we explore how fake news has been created over the years, for what purpose and by who, and ask ourselves whether it is harder than ever to tell the truth from a lie.
- "Fake News" in 2016
- What does "fake news" actually mean?
- The three reasons that people create fake news
- Fake News & Mark Anthony
- Fake News in Trento in 1475
- Fake News & the Nazis
- The British government and Fake News in the First World War
- How has news changed over the years?
- Life on the moon in 1835
- Macedonian teenagers and Donald Trump
- Sensational News vs. Fake News
- Russian troll farms
- Deep Fakes in 2021
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/history-of-fake-news
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#200 | Stéphane Breitwieser: The Greatest Art Thief of All Time
From 1995 to 2001, a man from eastern France stole 239 different pieces of art from 172 museums, an average of one theft every 14 days.
It's estimated that the value of all the stolen art was over 1 billion Euros, but he never sold a single piece of it.
- The early life of Stéphane Breitwieser
- Breitwieser's life falls apart
- Meeting (and falling in love with) his accomplice
- The first theft
- Why he was such an unusual art thief
- How the thefts would take place
- Why he was a billionaire with no money
- Being arrested for the first time
- Promising to do things differently
- Becoming even bolder
- Breaking promises
- Getting caught
- The aftermath of the crime
- Breitwieser's hopeless addiction to theft
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/stephane-breitwieser
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#198 | A History of Pirates
"Let's jump on board and cut them to pieces!" - Blackbeard.
"A merry life and a short one" - Captain Bartholomew Roberts.
Pirates have a special place in our imagination. They are both heroes and villains, their lives attractive but scary.
In this episode, we'll take a closer look at pirates through history, the situations that allowed them to exist and prosper, what life as a pirate was actually like, what caused the Golden Age of Piracy to come to an end, and the legacy that they left behind.
- The classic idea of a pirate
- Pirates throughout history
- The Golden Age of Piracy
- Why was there a boom in piracy in the 17th century?
- Captain Kidd: was he even a real "pirate"?
- State-sanctioned pirates
- The life of a pirate
- Pirate hierarchies
- What was a pirate attack really like?
- Pirates: early masters of the power of image
- The story of Blackbeard
- What caused the end of the pirates?
- The legacy of pirates
- Pirate myth-busting: parrots, pirate language, hooks and treasure
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/history-of-pirates
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#196 | Ferdinand Magellan & The First Voyage Around The World
In September 1519, a Portuguese explorer and a crew of 270 men set sail from Spain trying to find a sea route west, through the Americas.
Three years later, 18 of the men returned, tired and hungry, but becoming the first people to have successfully completed a full circle of the Earth.
- Introduction to The Age of Exploration
- The Treaty of Tordesillas
- Seeking a route west to The Spice Islands
- Magellan presents his idea to King Charles V of Spain
- Why was the Spanish king listening to a Portuguese explorer?
- The early life of Ferdinand Magellan
- A “career-minded daredevil"
- Why were spices in such high demand?
- Why did Magellan sail for Spain, not Portugal?
- The start of the expedition
- The first mutiny
- Finding a passage through South America
- Crossing The Pacific Ocean
- Arriving at Guam
- Magellan's death in The Philippines
- Arriving at The Spice Islands
- The journey back to Spain
- The legacy of the expedition
- Who was the first person to have circumnavigated the globe?
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/ferdinand-magellan
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#194 | Occupy Wall Street
On September 17th, 2011, hundreds of people descended on a park in the heart of New York's financial district.
Their aim? To protest against the global financial system and its effects on 99% of the population.
On this 10th anniversary of the protests, we take a look at what happened, what they achieved, and what impact they might have in the future.
- The United States in 2011
- The 1% vs. the 99%
- A global sense of uprising
- The idea behind Occupy Wall Street
- Meeting in Zuccotti Park in New York's Financial District
- What did the protestors actually want to change?
- Famous article by economist Joseph Stiglitz
- The public perception around the need for change
- A different model of decision-making
- The end of the protests
- What actually happened during the protests?
- Criticisms of Occupy Wall Street
- Disorganisation & being tricked about Radiohead playing
- Did it really represent the 99%?
- Pushing the idea of the 1% vs. 99% into the public consciousness
- Legacy of Occupy Wall Street
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/occupy-wall-street
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#192: A History of Wikipedia
It is one of the most popular websites in the world and has the goal of being a comprehensive collection of all of the knowledge in the world.
In this episode, we'll learn about the history of this amazing website, why it succeeded where others failed, how it actually works, and its importance as a source of truth.
- Some statistics about how big Wikipedia is
- History of encyclopedias
- Bomis.com and the dot-com-boom
- The founding of Nupedia
- Why Nupedia didn't work
- Launching Wikipedia
- Why (and how) Wikipedia was different
- Wikipedia's early growth
- Early criticisms of Wikipedia
- Who pays for Wikipedia?
- The surprising second and third most popular languages on Wikipedia
- Automating article creation
- Criticisms of Wikipedia's trustworthiness
- Trump vs. Biden on Wikipedia
- Influence of the contributors on what is published on Wikipedia
- Why you should edit Wikipedia
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/history-of-wikipedia
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#190: The National Rifle Association
It's one of the United States' most powerful advocacy groups and is a fierce defender of gun rights.
But it hasn't always been like this.
In this episode, we'll discover how it went from helping create gun control laws to becoming the most powerful pro-gun organisation in Washington D.C.
- The early years of the NRA
- Helping introduce gun control laws in the 1930s
- Passing the Gun Control Act of 1968
- The 1970s: A change in the NRA
- What does the NRA actually do? 5 key activities
- How the NRA reacts after a mass shooting
- The effect on the NRA of mass shootings
- Barack Obama: "the best gun salesman in America"
- The controversy within the NRA
- How many Americans live in a household with guns?
- American perceptions towards gun ownership
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/nra
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#188: Bonnie Prince Charlie
In 1745 Charles Stuart arrived on the west coast of Scotland with the aim of taking back the throne of England, Scotland and Ireland.
It didn't go as planned and resulted in the last battle fought on British soil.
In this episode, we'll learn about his failed rebellion, and the legacy he has left on Great Britain.
- The early life of Bonnie Prince Charlie
- Relationship Bonnie Prince Charlie and Mary Queen of Scots
- Meaning of "Pretender" in English
- The Divine Right of Kings
- Arriving in Scotland in 1745
- Life in Britain under the Hanoverians
- The Highland Clans
- Marching towards Edinburgh
- Marching south towards London
- Stopping at Derby and turning back north
- What if the French had come to help?
- Who actually was in the Jacobite and government armies?
- The night before Culloden
- The Battle of Culloden
- The aftermath of the battle
- “Run, you cowardly Italian”
- The life of Bonnie Prince Charlie after Culloden
- Suppression of Highlandism after the battle
- Three unusual facts about Bonnie Prince Charlie
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/bonnie-prince-charlie
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#186: William Wallace
He was the Scottish rebel who fought against the English and has become the most famous freedom fighter in Scottish history.
In this episode, we'll learn all about his battles against the English, and the legacy that William Wallace left on the country.
- Introduction to mini-series on Scottish heroes
- The brutal execution of William Wallace
- Introduction to Scotland (as a part of the British Isles)
- William Wallace "the man" vs. William Wallace "the legend"
- The death of Alexander II
- Gaining a reputation as a hater of the English
- Raising a small army and fighting the English
- The battle of Stirling Bridge
- Being rewarded with the position of The Guardian of Scotland
- Edward II marching north to teach William Wallace a lesson
- The battle of Falkirk
- "The machine gun of the Middle Ages"
- Becoming a diplomat and going to Europe
- Capture and execution
- Legacy of William Wallace within Scotland
- 1995 film "Braveheart"
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/william-wallace
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#184: Banned Books
It's often said that the pen is mightier than the sword, and throughout history there are books that have been considered too dangerous to be read.
In this episode, we'll take a look at the times when governments have banned books, the reasons for this, and ask ourselves what this tells us about society.
- What's the link between The Bible, William Shakespeare, Harry Potter, The Quotations of Chairman Mao and Mickey Mouse?
- What does "banning" actually mean?
- Correlation between banning books and restricting civil liberties
- “….where they burn books, they will also ultimately burn people.“
- The invention of the Gutenberg Printing Press
- Indulgences of the Catholic Church
- Growth of printing (and importance of censorship)
- Reasons for banning books: political, sexual, moral & religious
- The banning of Mein Kampf
- The trial of Lady Chatterley's Lover
- What banning books does for book sales
- The debate around The Catcher in the Rye
- Religious bans & The Satanic Verses
- Banning books in 2021
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/banned-books
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#182: The Crazy Life of John McAfee
He was an internet security pioneer, and his McAfee Antivirus software was used on hundreds of millions of computers all around the world.
But privately, he lived a crazy life that ended in tragedy.
In this episode, we'll learn all about the wild, wild, life of this cybersecurity legend.
- The early life of John McAfee
- Finding talent for mathematics
- Early vices: drink & drugs
- Being kicked out of his PhD programme
- Working in high-powered technology jobs (and developing a terrible drug addiction)
- Creating McAfee Antivirus and making money from paranoia
- Walking away with $80 million
- Becoming a target for hackers
- Losing all of his money in the financial crash
- Moving to Belize
- Claiming he was being extorted by the Belizean government
- The murder of George Faull
- Fleeing Belize
- Running for US President
- Attacking McAfee Antivirus
- Promoting cryptocurrency
- Being chased by the IRS and FBI
- The final chapter: The Spanish jail cell
- Conspiracy theories about his death
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/john-mcafee
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#180: Winston Churchill & The English Language
He is considered by many to be the greatest public speaker in British history, and his words and speeches were a defining force in the British war effort.
In this episode, we'll learn all about how Winston Churchill used the English language to inspire a nation.
- Winning the 1953 Nobel Prize for literature
- Early obstacles to being a great orator
- Completing his education on his own
- Studying the great English orators
- Spending four decades as a member of parliament
- Churchill's gift for storytelling
- The medium: the radio
- My grandfather's memories of Churchill's speeches
- Background to Churchill's speeches
- How Churchill wrote
- Writing more words than William Shakespeare and Charles Dickens combined
- Speech #1: "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat“
- Speech #2: "We shall never surrender"
- Speech #3: "Give us the tools, and we will finish the job"
- Why Churchill's words are so powerful
- Churchill's wit (and some funny jokes)
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/winston-churchill-language
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#178: The Space Race - Part Three | The New Space Race
In 2019, former Vice President Mike Pence said "Make no mistake about it - we're in a space race today".
Discover who the key players are, why there is a renewed interest in going to space, why it is now cheaper than ever before, and what the future of space exploration might look like.
- Enthusiasm for space post moon landing
- What was the next step in the first space race?
- Mike Pence's view on the new space race
- US, Russia and China
- The emergence of private space companies
- Why has going to space become cheaper?
- Space mining: what is it, and how does it work?
- Space junk?
- The benefits of space exploration for life on Earth
- Privacy and space
- The laws of space
- Reasons to be excited about a new space race
- Differences between the new and the old space race
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/space-race-3
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#176: The Space Race - Part One | The Early Years
After the end of the Second World War, the US and the USSR were locked in a race to get to space first.
Discover how the race started, who scored all the early points, and why going to the moon first was the biggest prize in space history.
- End of World War II & Nazi V2 rockets
- The head of the USA space programme: Wernher von Braun
- The head of the USSR space programme: Sergei Korolev
- The early years of The Space Race
- Why there was such a desire to get to space
- Communism vs. Capitalism
- The first Sputnik Satellite
- Confusing The Americans
- First animals into space
- Yuri Gagarin: The first man in space
- 1962: A bold claim from President John F. Kennedy
- Next step "the moon"
- The alternative "man on the moon" plans
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/space-race-1
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#174: 3D Printing
It's a technology that some have said will bring in a Fourth Industrial Revolution.
Discover how 3D printing actually works, what industries it is revolutionising, and how it will (or won't) change every aspect of the world we live in.
- A brief history of the creation of objects
- 3D printing vs. traditional manufacturing
- Should we really call it "printing"?
- Early versions of 3D printing
- Patents & 3D printing
- Lowering of costs of 3D printing
- 3D printing & prototyping
- Recent cost reductions in 3D printing
- Revolutionising the global supply chain
- Example of a British car manufacturer
- 3D printing "anything"
- 3D printing in space
- Settlements on Mars
- 3D printing a cup, a new ear, and a full English breakfast
- The implications of 3D printing on the world we live in
- 3D printing guns & criticisms of 3D printing
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/3d-printing
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#172: The Curious Taste of British Food
British food has a bad reputation. It's often considered boring, uninspiring, and tasteless.
But it hasn't always been this way.
Discover what role William the Conqueror, Henry VIII, The French Revolution and Colonialism all played in making British food taste the way it does.
- The current reputation of British food
- The arrival of the Normans in 1066
- Henry VIII and the Reformation
- Making fish taste better in Medieval England
- Stopping eating dangerous "Catholic" dishes
- The Industrial Revolution's effect on food
- Preserving food in cans
- Not having enough time to cook properly
- "We may find in the long run that tinned food is a deadlier weapon than the machine gun."
- The arrival of French chefs in British aristocratic homes
- The British Empire
- The history of curry
- “Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management”
- When (and why) British food lost its taste
- The Second World War & austerity
- Modern British food (& TV cooks)
- British food in 2021
- The biggest takeaway market in Europe
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#170: A Brief History of Scientology
It is, by some standards, the most successful modern religion.
Discover how Scientology went from the pseudo-medical ideas of an out-of-luck science fiction writer to a religion that counts some of the world's most famous film stars among its believers.
- The early life of L. Ron Hubbard
- Discovering a talent as a science fiction writer
- L. Ron Hubbard's naval career
- Moving to Los Angeles and developing a self-help system
- The publication of Dianetics, a book that contained "more promises and less evidence per page than any publication since the invention of printing"
- L. Ron Hubbard's theory about how the brain worked
- Turning Dianetics into a religion
- Charging large amounts of money to believers
- Making extravagant purchases all over the world
- Scientology's legal troubles
- Launching the Sea Org
- Adding to the doctrine of Scientology
- The disappearance and death of L. Ron Hubbard
- David Miscavige: a new leader arises
- How many Scientologists are there?
- Advertising at The Super Bowl
- Hollywood Scientologists: Tom Cruise & John Travolta
- Criticisms of Scientology
- Scientology's tax battle in the United States
- What actually is a religion?
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/scientology
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#168: The Curious History of Spice
Spices are an integral part of almost every cuisine in the world and are something that most of us now take for granted.
Yet spices used to be an incredibly valuable commodity and were the preserve of only the very richest in some societies.
In this episode, we'll learn more about how they went from being the preserve of the very richest in society to something that we sprinkle on our dishes without worrying about the cost.
- What do we actually mean by "spice"?
- Is salt a spice?
- Theories about why hotter countries have spicier food
- Spices in Ancient Egypt
- Salt in Ancient Rome
- Pepper in the Middle Ages
- Spices as a status symbol
- King Edward I's spice bill in the 13th century
- Why were spices so expensive?
- Vasco Da Gama's trip to India
- Competition for spice in Asia
- The Spice Islands
- Swapping Manhattan for a tiny spice island
- The spice market today
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/history-of-spice
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#166: Theranos: When Blood Testing Goes Bad
It was a revolutionary idea: being able to conduct fast, cheap, and effective blood tests with only a tiny drop of blood.
But it turned out that the company behind it was one, huge fraud.
This is the fascinating story of how a Stanford dropout went from the youngest self-made female billionaire in history to facing 20 years in prison.
- Background of Elizabeth Holmes
- Problem with blood testing
- Dropping out of Stanford
- Telling a fantastic story
- The atmosphere inside Theranos
- Was there any technology really being developed?
- Attracting influential investors and board members
- Too much pressure for scientists within the company
- The public launch of Theranos
- Becoming the youngest self-made female billionaire in history
- Idolising Steve Jobs
- The arrival of John Carreyrou
- Things starting to unravel for Theranos
- Dropping to zero
- Elizabeth Holmes today
- Reflecting on what went wrong
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/theranos
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#164: The Rise And Fall Of WeWork
It is the coworking company that was once valued at over $50 billion, but then came spectacularly crashing down.
In this episode, we'll learn about the amazing rise and fall of the company that tried to make office space cool.
- The questions that WeWork gets us thinking about
- WeWork at its peak
- The founding of WeWork in 2010
- Who was Adam Neumann?
- Who was Miguel McKelvey
- How WeWork as a business worked
- Making office space cool
- WeWork attracting billions of dollars in investment
- Meeting Mayoshi Son
- The vision continues to grow, and The We Company is born
- Was WeWork a tech company?
- Burning through money
- Things start to go wrong
- Looking under the hood
- The collapse of WeWork
- The phoenix to rise from the flames?
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/wework
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#162: The Genius of William Shakespeare
He is the most famous playwright in history and has been translated into every major living language.
In this episode, you'll learn about this fantastic man's life, his works, and why he is still called "the world's greatest living playwright".
- An exhibition celebrating Shakespeare's 450th birthday
- The two most common questions people have about Shakespeare
- “He was not of an age, but for all time"
- “The words of a dead man/are modified in the guts of the living.”
- Shakespeare's universality
- The life of William Shakespeare
- Did Shakespeare really write the plays (and does it even matter)?
- Shakespeare's global influence
- Bardolators: ultra-keen Shakespeare fans
- Why Shakespeare is responsible for bringing starlings to North America
- Shakespeare's contribution to the English language
- How Shakespeare created words
- How Shakespeare worked
- Shakespeare's group of actors
- Why women didn't act
- Boys playing women characters
- Twelfth Night & ideas of gender
- King Lear in Romania
- Julius Caesar in Trump's America
- The Globe Theatre in London
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/shakespeare
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#160: Politics & The Olympic Games
The Olympics are meant to be a politics-free zone.
But is this ever really possible?
In this episode, we'll learn about the history of The Olympics, and analyse five times politics was at the heart of the games.
- History of The Ancient Olympics
- When The Olympics were banned by the Romans
- Revival of Olympics in 19th century
- Baron Pierre de Coubertin & The first modern Olympics in 1896
- 1936 Olympics in Berlin
- 1972 Olympics in Mexico City
- 1976 Olympics in Montreal
- 1980 Olympics in Moscow
- 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi
- Politics and The Olympics in the age of social media
- Can politics ever be kept out of the games?
- Sport: War, minus the shooting
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/politics-and-olympics
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#158: George Orwell
For many, he is the greatest writer in the history of the English language.
Outside the UK, he is known as the author of two of the most important political fiction books in history: Animal Farm & 1984.
Learn about the amazing life of this fantastic man and the events that shaped his worldview.
- Reasons to learn about George Orwell
- The statue of George Orwell outside the headquarters of the BBC
- Orwell's honesty & genius with language
- The early life of George Orwell
- Seeing the injustices of The British Empire
- Discovering for himself how ordinary people lived
- A description of cooking a steak in a Parisian restaurant
- The Spanish Civil War
- Writing Animal Farm
- Retreating to a Scottish island and writing 1984
- The legacy of 1984
- The relevance of 1984 today
- The “The People Will Believe What the Media Tells Them They Believe” meme
- What George Orwell teaches us about the English language
- Three curious facts about George Orwell
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/george-orwell
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#156: The Grand Tour
“A man who has not been in Italy, is always conscious of an inferiority, from his not having seen what it is expected a man should see.”
It was the trip of a lifetime, where young, aristocratic British men would travel across Europe and open their eyes to new worlds.
Discover why these men would do this, how they travelled, what they got up to, and what it tells us about our relationship with tourism today.
- Reasons to learn about The Grand Tour now
- Who went on The Grand Tour?
- Where did they go?
- Italy: The place to not be missed
- Understanding the classics
- The role of The Cicerone (personal guide)
- Collecting works of art as souvenirs
- Thomas Howard: "The Collector Earl"
- Canaletto selling paintings to the travellers
- Non-cultural reasons for travelling: gambling, sex, and drinking
- Influence of classical world on the British imagination
- Practicalities of travel during The Grand Tour
- Partying in Naples with Lady Hamilton
- The Napoleonic Wars stopping The Grand Tour (and the consequences for British tourism)
- Influences of The Grand Tour
- Reflections on modern tourism
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/the-grand-tour
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#154: Las Vegas
It's the world's Sin City, where fortunes and made and lost.
In this episode, you'll learn about the history of this unlikely city, from its early days as a desert oasis to its links with the Mafia, from eccentric entrepreneurs right through to atomic bombs.
- Geographic location of Las Vegas
- Discovering Las Vegas ("The Meadows")
- 1905: A sleepy railway town
- Construction begins on The Hoover Dam
- Providing entertainment for construction workers
- 1930s and 1940s: Bugsy Siegel and The Mafia arrive
- Bugsy Siegel's early life
- Building The Flamingo
- Post World War II: "cheap luxury"
- Watching atomic bombs explode
- Howard Hughes arrives and never leaves
- Pushing the mafia out of town
- 1980s: Las Vegas revival
- Las Vegas today
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/las-vegas
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#152: The French Revolution
It is the most famous revolution in Europe and saw the continent's most populous country execute its monarch and restructure its society.
From guillotines to out of touch queens, the French Revolution is the story of how France became the country of "liberté, égalité, and fraternité".
- French society before the revolution
- Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette
- Raising taxes & The Estates General
- The impact of Enlightenment ideas on France
- Being "intoxicated with liberty and enthusiasm"
- The storming of The Bastille
- Declaration of The Rights of Man and The Citizen
- Robespierre
- Louis XVI trying to escape
- War with Austria
- The abolition of the French monarch & execution of Louis XVI
- Marie Antoinette & "Let them eat cake"
- The Reign of Terror
- The arrival of Napoleon Bonaparte and the end of the revolution
- Impact of The French Revolution on France
- Impact of The French Revolution on the world
- A tale of two French families and their reactions on Bastille Day
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/french-revolution
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#150: The Industrial Revolution
It was the period in the mid-18th century where Britain experienced a radical transformation.
The Industrial Revolution saw huge improvements in manufacturing, millions of people move to the cities and the fabric of British society change forever.
- Evolution or Revolution?
- Pre-industrial life in Britain
- The inventions in The Industrial Revolution
- James Watt's Steam Engine
- The textile industry
- The canal system
- The productivity increases: 500 times better
- Changes in British family life
- Urbanisation in Britain
- Population increases & The Malthusian Catastrophe
- Infant mortality improvements
- Child labour
- Status of women
- Why did it happen in Britain?
- Impact on our modern world
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/industrial-revolution
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#148: Tax
"In this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes"
Tax might not sound interesting or exciting to most people, but it affects all of us.
In this episode, we explore what paying taxes actually means, and how it affects our relationship with the government and society.
And we'll do all of this through the story of two pen-pals, Arlette from Paris, France, and John from Austin, Texas.
- A very brief history of tax
- Focussing on income tax
- Example #1: John in Austin, Texas
- Example #2: Arlette in Paris, France
- The real cost of employing someone in France
- What lower/higher taxes mean in terms of government expectations
- Texas winter storm in 2021
- The social safety net in France
- The Gilet Jaunes
- Thomas Piketty & the idea of a wealth tax
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/tax
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#146: Diego Maradona
He is considered by many to have been the greatest footballer to have ever lived, yet off the pitch his life was full of tragedy.
Learn about the fascinating history of this amazing man, and discover why he arrived in Naples as a hero and left as the most hated man in Italy.
- Diego vs. Maradona
- Early life in Buenos Aires
- Being spotted by a talent scout and joining Argentinos Juniors
- An uneasy life in Barcelona
- Fighting with Athletico Bilbao
- His surprise move to Naples
- Naples vs. the rest of Italy
- Maradona being welcomed as a demi-god in Naples
- Becoming a national hero for Argentina
- The 1990 World Cup in Italy
- Maradona's life in the Neapolitan underworld
- Cocaine and prostitutes
- Failing drug tests and leaving Naples
- His tragic later life
- Response to his death in 2020
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/maradona
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#144: Whaling
It has been called the "bloodiest business in history", and cost the lives of 3 million whales.
In today's episode, we take a look at the amazing history of whaling, from how it really worked to the reasons it went on for so long.
- History of pre-industrial whaling
- How pre-industrial whaling worked
- Whaling during the Renaissance era
- How whale hunting in 19th Century America worked
- The men who killed the whales
- What whale products were used for
- Sailing further and further away on the hunt for whales
- Whaling in the 20th century
- Introducing quotas on whales
- Dangers for whales in the 21st century
- What is today's "whaling"?
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/whaling
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#142: Scotland
It's one of the four countries that form part of The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and has a fantastic history of invention, rivalry with its neighbour, and fierce pride.
In this episode, we take a look at the fantastic history of Scotland and ask ourselves how long it will remain part of the UK.
“We look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilisation.” - Voltaire
“Of all the small nations of this earth, perhaps only the ancient Greeks surpass the Scots in their contribution to mankind.” - Winston Churchill
- Statistics about Scotland (geographically large, but has a small population)
- Scotland's great history of inventors
- Early Scottish rivalry with England
- The story of William Wallace
- The unification with England
- The role of Panama
- Scotland getting limited powers of independence in 1999
- Brexit & Scottish independence
- Would Scotland be allowed back into the European Union?
- How long will Scotland remain in the UK?
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/scotland
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#140: Cockney Rhyming Slang
It's a dialect from a small area of London's that might sound impossible to understand.
In this episode, you'll learn what "apple and pears" means, what you should do if a friend asks if you want to go to the "battle", and who your "trouble and strife" might be...
- Example clip of Cockney Rhyming Slang
- How Cockney Rhyming Slang is formed
- Funny connections between Cockney Rhyming Slang and the meaning of words
- Why does Cockney Rhyming Slang exist?
- Theories about how Cockney Rhyming Slang was created
- Is Cockney Rhyming Slang useful?
- Cockney Rhyming Slang in pop-culture
- Similarities with Verlan in French
- Why you should learn some Cockney Rhyming Slang (even if it isn't useful at all)
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/cockney-rhyming-slang
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#138: Disney Part III: The Magic
In the last part of our three-part series on Disney, we take a look at the magic of Disney and ask ourselves what ingredients are in its special, magic sauce.
- Can you really explain the 'magic' of Disney?
- The Hero's Journey
- The 5 core themes: narrative, characters, morale, humour, songs
- Theme #1: Narrative
- Theme #2: Characters
- Theme #3: Morale
- Theme #4: Humour
- Theme #5: Songs
- Bonus magic factor #1: Beautiful animation
- Bonus magic factor #2: Easy to internationalise
- Bonus magic factor #3: Nostalgia
- A missing 'secret' ingredient?
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/disney-magic
Looking for parts I & II of this mini-series?
Part I: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/disney-history
Part II: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/disney-business
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#136: Disney Part I: The History
In the first part of our three-part series, we take a look at the fascinating history of Disney.
From why Mickey Mouse isn't a rabbit through to what Walt Disney was like as a person, the history of Disney is as interesting as it is magical.
- Early life of Walt Disney
- Setting off to California
- The "Alice Comedies"
- Setting up Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio
- Oswald the Lucky Rabbit (and why you probably haven't heard of him)
- Walt Disney's first big lesson
- The arrival of Mickey Mouse
- Merchandising
- Starting to make longer films (Snow White and The Seven Dwarves)
- Almost going bankrupt
- Starting to make nature documentaries
- Dreaming of an adventure park
- What was Walt really like as a man?
- Post-Walt Disney
- Films you might not know are ultimately Disney
- The Disney spending spree
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/disney-history
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#134: A Short History of The English Language
From a small, wet island, English has come to be the world's dominant language.
How did this actually happen, where does English actually come from, and how has the language changed over the years?
- How many people speak English
- Why English isn't a 'pure' language (English as a mongrel dog, and as a soup)
- Anglo-Saxons & "Old" English
- Anglo-Saxon words in English today (and why you should use them)
- “Short words are best, and old words when short are best of all.”
- Invasion by the Vikings (and the impact on the English language)
- Invasion by the Normans (and their linguistic impact)
- How French words became 'fancier' versions of the original English
- The French linguistic influence on how we talk about food in English
- William Shakespeare & the 1,700 words he added to English
- "Borrowing" words from the colonies
- How many countries speak English today
- English's incredible ability to change (and why some people still don't like that)
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/history-of-english-language
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#132: Valentine's Day
It's the day of the year where we celebrate love and desire.
But where does it actually come from?
The origins of Valentine's Day are mysterious, and not even that closely related to love at all.
- "One of those mysterious historical or antiquarian problems which are doomed never to be solved.”
- Theory #1: St Valentine of Rome
- Theory #2: St Valentine of Terni
- Alternative legends of St Valentine
- Why is Valentine's Day on 14th February?
- The traditions of the Roman feast of Lupercalia
- The tradition of romance in the Medieval era
- Valentine's Day & Shakespeare
- The commercialisation of Valentine's Day
- How much we spend on Valentine's Day every year
- Alternatives to Valentine's Day
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/valentines-day
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#130: Rose Island
Discover the story of what happened when an Italian engineer decided to build an island off the coast of Italy..and then declare it to be an independent country.
- Giorgio Rosa - the ambitious engineer
- The law about who owns the sea
- How he built the island
- Declaring Rose Island to be an independent country
- The political situation in the 1960s
- Why people were worried when he declared independence
- The reaction of the Italian government
- Declaring The Republic of Minerva in The Pacific Ocean
- Libertarianism & declaring new nation-states
- What will the countries of the future look like?
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/rose-island
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#128: The Art of War
It's the world's most famous book on military strategy.
Learn about its fascinating history, about the lessons in the book, and discover how you can apply some ideas from this 2,500-year-old book to your English learning.
- What we know (and don't know) about the book
- Sun Tzu: military strategist and general
- Other authors & editors of The Art of War
- Being brought by Europe (and used by Napoleon?)
- #1 Lesson from The Art of War: Avoiding War
- #2 Lesson from The Art of War: Being Prepared
- #3 Lesson from The Art of War: Being Adaptable
- #1 English Learning Lesson from The Art of War: Change your strategies
- #2 English Learning Lesson from The Art of War: Have both a strategy and tactics
- #3 English Learning Lesson from The Art of War: Take opportunities when you see them
- Why you should ignore all of the advice in the book (when it comes to learning English)
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website:
https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/art-of-war
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#126: Chocolate
It's the world's favourite sweet snack, and the chocolate industry is worth over $100 billion.
Discover the fantastic history of where it comes from, how it became so popular, and learn about some of the economics of chocolate production.
- The Theobroma Cacao tree: where it all starts
- Aztecs & the early years of drinking chocolate
- The arrival of the Spanish Conquistadors & a ‘bitter drink for pigs’
- Arriving in Europe
- How cacao trees grow (and why it can't in Europe)
- The invention of the cacao press
- The golden era of chocolate
- The industrialisation of the chocolate process
- Chocolate manufacturing & poverty
- Cacao trading & buying futures
- Chocfinger: the man who cornered the world cacao market
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/chocolate
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#122: Bitcoin
It's the most famous cryptocurrency in the world, and went up in value by 269% in 2020.
In this episode, we take a look at what it actually is, how it works, why some people think it is the future of money and others think it is a giant bubble.
- How 'traditional' money works
- Banks and storing money
- 1971 and leaving the gold standard
- Inflation
- Satoshi Nakamoto & the Bitcoin whitepaper
- Principles of bitcoin
- How bitcoin payments work
- How the blockchain works
- Bitcoin and inflation
- Why the bitcoin price goes up and down
- Buying things with bitcoin
- The first pizzas bought with bitcoin
- Why people don't like bitcoin
- The US Federal Reserve & bitcoin
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/bitcoin
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#120: Vespa
It's the iconic Italian scooter that has conquered the world.
Learn about how it started, how it got its name, and why it has become such a huge, global success story.
- “A completely Italian product, such as we have not seen since the Roman chariot”
- 1884 and the founding of Piaggio
- World War I and making aeroplanes
- World War II and being bombed by the Allies
- Rebuilding the factory and deciding to build a scooter
- Version 1: Donald Duck
- Version 2: The Vespa
- Designing a scooter from the ground up
- Selling 1 million scooters by 1956
- Vespa and Hollywood
- Vespa as an aspirational symbol
- Vespas in the UK: Mods vs. Rockers
- Vespa in Italy today
- Weird records in a Vespa
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/vespa
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#118: 9 Things That Happened on Christmas Day
You might think that nothing of historical importance ever happens on Christmas Day, but you'd be wrong.
Here are 9 weird and wonderful events.
The one thing they have in common? They all happened on December 25th.
- Jesus of Nazareth - born on December 25th?
- Event #1 - Crowing of Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor
- Event #2 - Coronation of William the Conqueror as King of England
- Event #3 - Discovery of Celcius as a measure of temperature
- Event #4 - Andrew Johnson pardoning Confederate soldiers
- Event #5 - The ceasefire of World War I
- Event #6 - The Apollo 8 space shuttle leaves Earth's orbit
- Event #7 - The execution of Ceaușescu
- Event #8 - The first live testing of the World Wide Web
- Event #9 - The resignation of Mikhael Gorbachev
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/9-things-happened-christmas-day
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#116: Jeremy Bentham & Utilitarianism
He was the creator of utilitarianism, a philosophical framework for how societies should be structured, based on the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.
Learn about the fascinating life of this interesting character, how this theory impacted the law, and how he was true to his beliefs even in death.
- Bentham's early life as a child prodigy
- Enlightenment principles
- Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
- Measuring pleasure vs. pain
- The six different measurements of pleasure and pain
- Rejecting existing laws
- The Panopticon and treatment of criminals
- Why should someone be killed for stealing?
- Problems with utilitarianism
- Defining the true meaning of happiness
- Applying utilitarianism to economics, sexuality and animal rights
- Bentham's wishes for his body when he died
- The theft of Jeremy Bentham's head
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/jeremy-bentham
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#114: Charles Darwin & On the Origin of Species
He is the father of modern biology, and his 1869 book On the Origin of Species presented a revolutionary new idea about how species evolve.
Discover the amazing story of Charles Darwin, and the journey of how he developed this groundbreaking theory.
- Early life of Charles Darwin
- Being sent to medical school aged 16
- Developing an early interest in the natural world
- Moving to Cambridge and starting the journey of becoming a priest
- What happens when you put a beetle in your mouth
- Creationism & evolution
- The trip of a lifetime
- 5 weeks in the Galapagos Islands
- Returning to Britain and working in secret
- Publishing On the Origin of Species
- Modern theories of evolution
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/charles-darwin
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#112: Personality Tests
The personality industry is worth billions, and promises to help us better understand ourselves.
But how did it start? How does it actually work?
And most importantly, does it actually work?
- What are personality tests?
- Historical ideas of personality & character: The four humours
- Sigmund Freud & Carl Jung
- Katharine Cook Briggs & Isabel Briggs-Myers: the mother and daughter pair from Michigan
- The Myers-Briggs Personality Indicator
- Personality within a family environment
- How The Myers-Briggs Personality Indicator works
- Corporate America & personality tests
- Personality testing: a billion dollar industry
- Problems with the personality test industry
- The Forer effect
- Why The Myers-Briggs Personality Indicator has remained so popular
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/personality-tests
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#110: Black Friday & A Short History of Discounting
It's the biggest shopping day of the year. How did it start, what actually happens, and how much do people really spend?
Plus, learn about the history of discounting, and how companies trick you into buying things you don't need.
- How much people spend on Black Friday
- How Black Friday has developed over the years
- The history of Black Friday (it doesn't come from 'going into the black')
- Coca-Cola and the first mass discount
- The business of discounting
- Tricks companies use to get you to buy stuff you don't need
- Trick #1 - The Rule of 100
- Trick #2 - Using prices with fewer syllables
- Trick #3 - Phased discounting
- The Black Friday alternative: Buy Nothing Day
- What Leonardo English is (or isn't) doing for Black Friday
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/black-friday-history-of-discounting
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#108: Penal Colonies
Starting in the 17th century, Britain sent hundreds of thousands of people to America and Australia for crimes as small as stealing a loaf of bread.
Learn about why this happened, how it worked, and the legacy it has left on the countries where these prisoners were sent to.
- Sending criminals away as a punishment - as old as time
- The Bloody Code & being killed for stealing a rabbit
- Impact of the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions on society
- Prison boats
- Sending criminals to America
- What life was like in America as a prisoner
- The American Revolution & finding a new place for prisoners
- The discovery of Australia
- The convicts' journey to Australia
- 1 in 5 Australians is a descendant of a convict
- Penal colonies in other countries
- The cultural impact of sending prisoners to the colonies
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/penal-colonies
Join the conversation:
- instagram.com/leonardoenglishapp
- fb.me/leonardoenglishapp
- Join the Leonardo English community: community.leonardoenglish.com
** More about Leonardo English and the English for Curious Minds podcast **
Learning English shouldn't be boring. It should open your mind.
English Learning for Curious Minds is a podcast aimed at intermediate level English speakers and above, where listeners learn fascinating things about the world while learning English.
There's no small-talk, no boring grammar exercises or vocabulary drills.
You'll learn English by listening, by hearing real conversations and real English, spoken by native speakers, and at a speed you can understand.
You can become a member of Leonardo English and get access to every podcast, transcripts, key vocabulary, an exclusive community, and be able to participate in members-only live sessions.
Discover a more interesting way to improve your English at leonardoenglish.com/subscribe
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#106: Superstitions
From black cats to Friday the 13th, superstitions exist in cultures all over the world.
Where do they come from? Why do so many people believe them? And is there any evidence to suggest that they are actually true?
- Definition of 'superstition'
- Superstitions in Ancient Rome
- Superstitions + religion
- The Catholic Church + superstitions
- Why are so many superstitions about 'bad' luck?
- Superstition Story 1: Why you shouldn't open an umbrella inside
- Superstition Story 2: Salt over your shoulder
- Superstition Story 3: Knocking on wood
- Superstition Story 4: Saying 'bless you' after sneezing
- Superstition Story 5: Friday 13th
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/superstitions
Join the conversation:
- instagram.com/leonardoenglishapp
- fb.me/leonardoenglishapp
- Join the Leonardo English community: community.leonardoenglish.com
** More about Leonardo English and the English for Curious Minds podcast **
Learning English shouldn't be boring. It should open your mind.
English Learning for Curious Minds is a podcast aimed at intermediate level English speakers and above, where listeners learn fascinating things about the world while learning English.
There's no small-talk, no boring grammar exercises or vocabulary drills.
You'll learn English by listening, by hearing real conversations and real English, spoken by native speakers, and at a speed you can understand.
You can become a member of Leonardo English and get access to every podcast, transcripts, key vocabulary, an exclusive community, and be able to participate in members-only live sessions.
Discover a more interesting way to improve your English at leonardoenglish.com/subscribe
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#104: Survivalism
It's the belief that the world is unstable and unpredictable, and that we should all be prepared for what happens when catastrophe strikes.
Learn about where this idea came from, what survivalists do, and why the USA is the world's survivalist capital.
- What is survivalism?
- Different types of survivalist
- 1960s and the birth of survivalism
- Reasons that survivalism has grown
- Doomsday Preppers TV show
- Survivalism is big business
- COVID-19 and survivalism
- Survivalists: rich and poor
- Why is the US the global capital of survivalist?
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/survivalism
Join the conversation:
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** More about Leonardo English and the English for Curious Minds podcast **
Learning English shouldn't be boring. It should open your mind.
English Learning for Curious Minds is a podcast aimed at intermediate level English speakers and above, where listeners learn fascinating things about the world while learning English.
There's no small-talk, no boring grammar exercises or vocabulary drills.
You'll learn English by listening, by hearing real conversations and real English, spoken by native speakers, and at a speed you can understand.
You can become a member of Leonardo English and get access to every podcast, transcripts, key vocabulary, an exclusive community, and be able to participate in members-only live sessions.
Discover a more interesting way to improve your English at leonardoenglish.com/subscribe
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#102: Daylight Saving Time
In 70 countries around the world we change the time twice a year, giving us longer evenings in summer.
Why did we start doing this? Why do some people love it, others hate it, and will we ever stop doing it altogether?
- Early ideas about timekeeping
- Romans & hours that were longer or shorter than 60 minutes
- When every town had its own time zone
- The invention of standard time zones
- The Earth's tilt and the reason days are longer and shorter by season
- The proposals to create Daylight Saving Time: collecting insects & playing golf
- Starting to use Daylight Saving Time
- Daylight Saving Time in the 20th century
- Reasons to keep Daylight Saving Time: wellbeing, reducing crime, reducing accidents, businesses that benefit from it
- Reasons to get rid of Daylight Saving Time: doesn't save energy, it's annoying to change, lost productivity, health disadvantages, businesses that don't like it
- Farmers in the north of Scotland
- When the UK kept Daylight Saving Time all year round
- Complications with Daylight Saving Time when communicating between time zones
- Getting rid of Daylight Saving Time?
- Changing the clocks twice a year at the Queen's residences
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/daylight-saving-time
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** More about Leonardo English and the English for Curious Minds podcast **
Learning English shouldn't be boring. It should open your mind.
English Learning for Curious Minds is a podcast aimed at intermediate level English speakers and above, where listeners learn fascinating things about the world while learning English.
There's no small-talk, no boring grammar exercises or vocabulary drills.
You'll learn English by listening, by hearing real conversations and real English, spoken by native speakers, and at a speed you can understand.
You can become a member of Leonardo English and get access to every podcast, transcripts, key vocabulary, an exclusive community, and be able to participate in members-only live sessions.
Discover a more interesting way to improve your English at leonardoenglish.com/subscribe
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#100: Leonardo Da Vinci
He has been called 'the most relentlessly curious man in history', and was the quintessential Renaissance man.
Learn all about the fantastic life of the genius after whom Leonardo English is named, from his talents as an artist to his skills as an engineer, and get inspired by his insatiable curiosity about how the world works.
- His early life in Vinci
- Apprenticeship in Verrocchio's workshop
- Keeping notebooks
- "The most relentlessly curious man in history"
- How everything in the world is connected
- Writing a letter to the Duke of Milan
- Painting The Last Supper
- Later life & moving to France
- Leonardo Da Vinci as a misfit in Florentine society: illegitimate, left-handed, uninterested in fame, homosexual, vegetarian
- Love for animals
- Work as an anatomist
- Work as an engineer
- The Mona Lisa
- "I haven't achieved enough"
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/leonardo-da-vinci
Join the conversation:
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- Join the Leonardo English community: community.leonardoenglish.com
** More about Leonardo English and the English for Curious Minds podcast **
Learning English shouldn't be boring. It should open your mind.
English Learning for Curious Minds is a podcast aimed at intermediate level English speakers and above, where listeners learn fascinating things about the world while learning English.
There's no small-talk, no boring grammar exercises or vocabulary drills.
You'll learn English by listening, by hearing real conversations and real English, spoken by native speakers, and at a speed you can understand.
You can become a member of Leonardo English and get access to every podcast, transcripts, key vocabulary, an exclusive community, and be able to participate in members-only live sessions.
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#98: GDP & Measuring Growth
“It measures everything in short, except that which makes life worthwhile.” - Robert Kennedy
It's the number that world leaders constantly talk about, using it as proof of what a great job they are doing.
But what does it actually mean? What does it tell us, and what doesn't it tell us? And what would happen if we stopped using it altogether?
- Measuring growth in history
- Simon Kuznets & the invention of GDP
- John Maynard Keynes & popularising GDP after WWII
- How to calculate GDP
- Why GDP started being used & when it was useful
- Criticism of GDP #1: What is (and isn't) counted as part of GDP
- Criticism of GDP #2: Positive and negative contributions to GDP
- Criticism of GDP #3: Unpaid work & GDP
- GDP per capita as a measure of 'how well we are doing'
- Is all consumption good?
- Bhutan & measuring happiness
- Alternative #1: The Human Development Index
- Alternative #2: The Human Capital Index
- Alternative #3: The Genuine Progress Index
- Abandoning measuring GDP altogether?
Full interactive transcript and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/gdp
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- Join the Leonardo English community: community.leonardoenglish.com
** More about Leonardo English and the English for Curious Minds podcast **
Learning English shouldn't be boring. It should open your mind.
English Learning for Curious Minds is a podcast aimed at intermediate level English speakers and above, where listeners learn fascinating things about the world while learning English.
There's no small-talk, no boring grammar exercises or vocabulary drills.
You'll learn English by listening, by hearing real conversations and real English, spoken by native speakers, and at a speed you can understand.
You can become a member of Leonardo English and get access to every podcast, transcripts, key vocabulary, an exclusive community, and be able to participate in members-only live sessions.
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#96: The Vikings
For almost 300 years the vikings terrorised large parts of Europe, arriving in boats and killing anyone that got in their way.
But they were also traders, inventors, and storytellers, and they have had a lasting legacy on the world we live in.
In this episode we cover:
- The oversimplification of the vikings
- The first viking attack in 793
- Why did the vikings invade in the first place? Overpopulation, the search for brides, revenge, or they sensed an opportunity?
- Settling alongside the local population
- Technological advances with boats
- How the vikings fought
- Valhalla & what happened when a viking died in battle
- Trading in the middle east
- Viking social classes
- A viking symbol you probably have on your phone
- The vikings' linguistic legacy
- How did the vikings end?
- The Victorians and the vikings
- The viking ancestral legacy
Full interactive transcript and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/the-vikings
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** More about Leonardo English and the English for Curious Minds podcast **
Learning English shouldn't be boring. It should open your mind.
English Learning for Curious Minds is a podcast aimed at intermediate level English speakers and above, where listeners learn fascinating things about the world while learning English.
There's no small-talk, no boring grammar exercises or vocabulary drills.
You'll learn English by listening, by hearing real conversations and real English, spoken by native speakers, and at a speed you can understand.
You can become a member of Leonardo English and get access to every podcast, transcripts, key vocabulary, an exclusive community, and be able to participate in members-only live sessions.
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#94: Cryptozoology | The Hunt for Mystery Animals
You've heard of zoology, but you might not have heard about its pseudoscience cousin, cryptozoology, the subculture that attempts to prove the existence of mysterious animals from folklore and popular culture.
In today's episode we cover
- Origins of Cryptozoology
- 1960s and conspiracy theories
- The discovery of the komodo dragon and the giant panda
- Problem with cryptozoology #1: lack of professionalism
- Problem with cryptozoology #2: problems with sightings of monsters
- Problem with cryptozoology #3: where do their remains go?
- Problem with cryptozoology #4: geological problems with cryptids
- Can you be a 'normal' cryptozoologist?
- We are still discovering 'real' species every year
- How cryptozoology can help us
- Discovering animals before they become extinct
Full interactive transcript and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/cryptozoology
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- Join the Leonardo English community: community.leonardoenglish.com
** More about Leonardo English and the English for Curious Minds podcast **
Learning English shouldn't be boring. It should open your mind.
English Learning for Curious Minds is a podcast aimed at intermediate level English speakers and above, where listeners learn fascinating things about the world while learning English.
There's no small-talk, no boring grammar exercises or vocabulary drills.
You'll learn English by listening, by hearing real conversations and real English, spoken by native speakers, and at a speed you can understand.
You can become a member of Leonardo English and get access to every podcast, transcripts, key vocabulary, an exclusive community, and be able to participate in members-only live sessions.
Discover a more interesting way to improve your English at leonardoenglish.com/subscribe
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#92: The English of Boris Johnson
The Prime Minister of the UK has a unique way of using language, which shows his privileged upbringing and elite education.
Learn about how he uses language, why he talks in this way, why this appeals to the British people, and what similarities he has with Donald Trump.
In today's episode we cover:
- The early life of Boris Johnson
- Johnson's classical language
- Clip of Johnson in an Ancient Rome vs. Ancient Greece debate
- Johnson's carefully maintained image
- Johnson's struggle to use simple language
- British tradition of upper-class rulers
- Why Johnson makes no apologies for himself
- A £250,000 a year 'second job' that is 'chicken-feed'
- Johnson's human flaws
- Johnson's ability to use language to create vivid, memorable images
- Johnson as a breath of fresh air vs. status quo politicians
- Using comedy to avoid questions
- Similarities and differences between Boris Johnson and Donald Trump
- Did Boris Johnson attempt to manipulate the Google search results?
Full interactive transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/english-of-boris-johnson
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- Join the Leonardo English community: community.leonardoenglish.com
More about Leonardo English and the English for Curious Minds podcast
Learning English shouldn't be boring. It should open your mind.
English Learning for Curious Minds is a podcast aimed at intermediate level English speakers and above, where listeners learn fascinating things about the world while learning English.
There's no small-talk, no boring grammar exercises or vocabulary drills.
You'll learn English by listening, by hearing real conversations and real English, spoken by native speakers, and at a speed you can understand.
You can become a member of Leonardo English and get access to every podcast, transcripts, key vocabulary, an exclusive community, and be able to participate in members-only live sessions.
Discover a more interesting way to improve your English at leonardoenglish.com/subscribe
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#90: The House of Medici
"He it is who decides peace and war… He is king in all but name.”
Quote about Cosimo de' Medici
The Medici family rose to power in Florence in the 1400s, and controlled the city for a large part of the Renaissance. Their legacy lives on through much of the art, culture, and architecture that we now take for granted.
In this episode we tell the story of how they rose to power and developed the idea of modern philanthropy.
In today's episode we cover:
- The founding of the Medici bank
- The bank and the Vatican City
- Cosimo de Medici: "The Father of The Fatherland"
- Patronage of the arts
- Lorenzo The Magnificent
- The attempted assassination of Lorenzo in front of 10,000 people
- Being held prisoner by the King of Naples
- The Medici entering the Vatican City
- Making marriage matches
- The legacy of The Medici
Full interactive transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/the-house-of-medici
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More about Leonardo English and the English for Curious Minds podcast
Learning English shouldn't be boring. It should open your mind.
English Learning for Curious Minds is a podcast aimed at intermediate level English speakers and above, where listeners learn fascinating things about the world while learning English.
There's no small-talk, no boring grammar exercises or vocabulary drills.
You'll learn English by listening, by hearing real conversations and real English, spoken by native speakers, and at a speed you can understand.
You can become a member of Leonardo English and get access to every podcast, transcripts, key vocabulary, an exclusive community, and be able to participate in members-only live sessions.
Discover a more interesting way to improve your English at leonardoenglish.com/subscribe
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#88: The Amazing Life of Whales
“The whales do not sing because they have an answer, they sing because they have a song.”- Gregory Colbert
Whales are some of the most amazing animals that have ever existed.
From where they come from to how they live their lives, through to the threats that they have faced and how they bring new life in death, it's time to learn more about the amazing life these animals lead.
In today's episode we cover:
- What really is a 'whale'?
- The great variety of whales
- How whales feed
- How whales migrate to find food and mate
- How whales communicate
- Whales: one of only 6 animals in the world that 'learn' to vocalise
- A whale song
- Whale hunting
- What happens when a whale dies
Full interactive transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/the-amazing-life-of-whales
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#86: Electric Cars
The history of electric cars goes back a lot further than Tesla and Elon Musk.
Indeed, the 'golden age' of electric cars was over 150 years ago.
Discover how electric cars have evolved, why some people say they aren't as green as people think they are, and we run the calculations to see what the true environmental cost of electric car ownership is.
- Electric vs. Petrol vs. Steam
- The Golden Age of the electric car
- Electric: The lady's choice
- The arrival of the Ford Model T
- The oil crises
- Tesla & The Roadster
- Criticisms of electric cars: production, usage, and resource extraction
- Calculating the true environmental cost of an electric car
- Tesla's share price
- Betting against electric?
Full interactive transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/electric-cars
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#84: Tito | The Man Who Stood Up To Stalin
Tito, the former president of Yugoslavia, survived 21 assassination attempts, fought in two world wars, and managed to stand up to Josef Stalin and live to tell the tale.
In this episode we tell the tale of the fascinating life of Josip Broz, 'Tito'.
In today's episode we cover:
- Birth and early life of Josip Broz
- Joining the Austro-Hungarian army & World War One
- Being captured by the Russians
- Returning home to a different country
- World War II & the partisan underground
- Beating the Nazis
- Struggling with Stalin & death threats
- Post-Stalin years
- Authoritarian rule within Yugoslavia
- What was Tito's legacy?
Full interactive transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/tito
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#82: The English of Donald Trump
The former President of The United States of America uses a kind of English you won't find in a textbook.
Here we take a look at how he speaks, why he speaks like he speaks, and what Donald Trump can teach you about speaking English effectively.
In today's episode we cover:
- "I have the best words"
- The vocabulary that Trump uses
- The coherence of Donald Trump
- The problems that translators have with Donald Trump
- The vulgar language that Trump uses
- Linguistic techniques that Trump uses
- Why Trump is so effective
- What you can learn from Donald Trump
Full interactive transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/english-of-donald-trump
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#80: 1MDB & The Missing Malaysian Billions
It's one of the biggest financial frauds in history, and involves bankers, politicians, Hollywood celebrities, and The Wolf of Wall Street.
It's time to find out what happened to the missing Malaysian billions.
In today's episode we cover:
- Najib Razak comes to power in 2009
- Malaysia and the role of a development fund
- Enter Jho Low
- From $1 billion to $10 billion
- Lavish shopping sprees
- “Big-spending Malaysian is the mystery man of city club scene”
- The wildest party in Vegas
- The Wolf of Wall Street
- How the fraud really worked
- Offshore companies
- Goldman Sachs
- How everything came crashing down
- Najib Razak, Jho Low, and Goldman Sachs in 2020
Full interactive transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/1mdb
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#78: Modern Pirates
The pirates of the 21st century don't have parrots and swords, but night-vision goggles and AK47s.
Discover why pirates have re-emerged, how they work, and what the effect of piracy is on the areas in which they operate.
In today's episode we cover:
- Somalia - the world's piracy hotspot
- Why pirates emerged in Somalia
- How fisherman became pirates
- How pirates are organised
- Ransoms and getting paid
- The pirate stock market
- The effect on the community on land
- The 'new' pirate hotspot
Full interactive transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/modern-day-pirates
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#76: The World Bank
It's one of the world's most important financial institutions, but also one of the most controversial.
Discover what the World Bank actually is, how it works, what happens when it gets things right, and what happens when things go badly wrong.
In today's episode we cover:
- The creation of the World Bank
- The difference between the World Bank and the IMF
- The ambitious aims of the World Bank
- The first World Bank loan, to France
- Structural Adjustment (or "you do what we say")
- The Cochabamba Water War in Bolivia
- Why the World Bank imposes conditions
- What happens to all this debt?
Full interactive transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/world-bank
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#74: QAnon | America's Most Dangerous Conspiracy Theory?
This far-right conspiracy theory has gone from niche internet forums to President Trump's Twitter account.
Discover the story behind QAnon - where does it come from, what do they believe, and is it really the most dangerous conspiracy theory in America?
In today's episode we cover:
- The first Q message
- PizzaGate
- Hillary Clinton
- What does Q actually believe?
- Donald Trump & QAnon
- QAnon & social media companies
- Why is QAnon so popular?
- US politicians & QAnon
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/qanon
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#72: The War on Drugs
In 1971, Richard Nixon declared The War On Drugs. Almost 50 years later, and a war that has cost the US over a trillion dollars, we take a look at the effect that this war has had on society.
Why was it declared, what actually happened, and who are the real winners?
In today's episode we cover:
- History of drug use in the United States
- Sherlock Holmes & cocaine
- The prohibition era
- Why was The War on Drugs launched?
- Hippies + black community
- What actually happened
- Are drugs harder to buy now?
- Are drugs more expensive now?
- The balloon effect
- Prescription opiates
- The future for the War on Drugs
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website http://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/the-war-on-drugs
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#70: Human Rights
In 1948 the United Nations signed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which set out the 30 'inalienable' rights that all humans on Earth should get at birth.
But where did this come from? How effectively does it actually work?
And what comes next for human rights?
In today's episode we cover:
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- The 'first' human rights
- Human rights vs. Natural rights
- The French Revolution & United States Declaration of Independence
- Slavery & human rights
- Human rights & the law
- Ignoring human rights
- The countries that didn't vote for human rights
- Human rights as a western invention
- Environmental human rights
- The future of human rights
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website: www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/human-rights
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#68: What Happens When Languages Die?
There are 7,000 languages spoken across the world.
Yet 80% of the population speaks just 1.1% of the languages, and 43% of the languages are endangered.
What happens when they die out?
In today's episode we cover:
- How people feel differently when speaking different languages
- The 12 'dominant' world languages
- Why have certain languages dominated?
- Why do languages die out?
- When the last two speakers of a language hate each other
- Dying languages in the UK
- Hawaiian - a revival success story
- Reviving a dead language
- Written vs. oral languages
- Should we save languages?
- Why language is a part of culture
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/dying-languages
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#66: The Weird History of Madame Tussauds
Discover the amazing story of how a young woman from France befriended the royal family, escaped the guillotine, made death masks of revolutionaries, and then created the world's most successful waxworks museum.
The story of Madame Tussauds has a lot more to it than meets the eye.
In today's episode we cover:
- What is wax-working?
- Going to Paris to seek fortune
- Teaching art to King Louis XVI’s sister
- The arrival of the revolution
- Death masks
- The trip to London
- The UK tour
- Why Brits loved it
- Madame Tussauds in modern times
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/madame-tussauds
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#64: The Hidden Cost of Food Delivery Apps
Food delivery apps have taken over cities across the world, promising delicious food at the tap of a button.
But is it really that simple?
In this episode we discuss what the rise of food delivery apps means for us, for restaurants, and for the people who do the deliveries.
In today's episode we cover:
- How food delivery apps work
- Why restaurants use them
- The early years of food delivery apps
- Unfair tactics
- Charging $9 for a phone call
- Offers and commissions
- Chicago Pizza Boss
- Racing to the bottom
- Dark kitchens
- The people who deliver the food
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/the-hidden-cost-of-food-delivery-apps
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#62: The Resource Curse
When a country finds gold, oil or diamonds, you might think this would be a good thing.
But in many cases, it is a curse for that country, and it would have been better off leaving its natural resources in the ground.
In today's episode we cover:
- Expression: "to strike gold"
- Wars & conflict
- What happens to your currency when you export natural resources
- Government accountability & politicians
- Equatorial Guinea (and the $600M president)
- Prices that change a lot
- Did the resource curse cause the fall of the Spanish empire?
- Countries that disprove the rule
- "The devil's excrement"
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website: www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/the-resource-curse
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#60: The British Sense of Humour
People in Britain have a unique sense of humour.
For lots of foreigners it's difficult to understand and confusing. But British people are fiercely proud of their sense of humour, and Britain has produced some of the world's best comedies.
In this episode we take a look at what makes Brits laugh, and tell a few jokes along the way.
- Introduction to British humour
- What do British people laugh about?
- Sarcasm ("No sh*t Sherlock")
- What happens when you tell a joke about pasta to an Italian
- Self-deprecation (and putting yourself down)
- How to deliver a joke
- British vs. American humour
- Laughing at the mundane (and some classic British TV shows)
- Innuendo and double-entendre
- British stereotypes (and the Englishman, Scotsman and Irishman jokes)
- It takes a while, but it's worth it
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website: www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/the-british-sense-of-humour
Links mentioned:
Carry On Series
Fawlty Towers
Gavin And Stacey (funniest moments)
The Office
Monty Python
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#58: Plastic
It has revolutionised our lives, made cars lighter, food fresher, and water safer.
But at what cost?
In this episode we take a look at the history of plastic, and ask ourselves what comes next.
In today's episode we cover:
- Elephants, combs and billiard balls - how plastic was invented
- Throwaway living in the 1950s
- How much plastic waste exists in the world?
- How much plastic do we eat?
- Recycling plastic
- The 5 countries that are responsible for the plastic in the oceans
- New non-plastic options
- A simple solution to the plastic problem
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/plastic
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#56: Turkmenistan
It's one of the most isolated countries in the world, ruled by an authoritarian leader with a passion for horses and Guinness World Records.
It's time to find out about the weird and wonderful country of Turkmenistan.
In today's episode we cover:
- The cult of personality under Niyazov
- No dogs allowed in the capital
- The golden statue that turned to face the sun
- Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow and the love for horses
- Firing a gun from a bicycle
- The resource curse
- Changing money on the black market
- COVID-19
- Guinness World Records
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/turkmenistan
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#54: Harrods | The Playground of London's Rich & Famous
It's one of the most famous department stores in the world, catering to the world's rich and famous.
But it hasn't always been this way.
In this episode we take a look at the story of Harrods, and discover the fascinating and unusual history of this iconic London location.
In today's episode we cover:
- How it all started, back in 1824
- The Great Exhibition
- When it all burned down
- Harrods' famous customers
- Brandy on the escalator
- The Mohamed Al-Fayed years
- The lawsuit with Harrods New Zealand
- The cash for questions scandal
- The feud with The British Royal Family
- Selling lions and tigers
- Spending £32,000 on chocolates
- The Russian hoodie
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/harrods
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#52: The Guinness World Records
It's a collection of the biggest, fastest, and weirdest things in the world.
But how much do you really know about The Guinness World Records?
Today we look at the story behind the book, and discover how an argument about a bird turned into one of the best selling books in the world.
Here's what you have to look forward to in today's episode:
- Finding out the answers to things before the internet
- How the idea for the Guinness Book of Records came about
- The McWhirter twins and their photographic memory
- Record-breaking is big business
- Three strange records (Big Macs, Star Wars, and tall men)
- How to become a record-breaker (and how much it costs)
- Why there are so many 'strange' records (and who pays for them)
- Guinness gets all the free publicity
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/guinness-world-records
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#50: A Service Announcement
A quick announcement of some exciting developments at Leonardo English.
New memberships, request an episode, and exclusive Q&A sessions for members.
Find out more at www.leonardoenglish.com/subscribe
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#49: Fair Trade
You recognise the name. You recognise the label.
You've seen it on bananas, chocolate, coffee, and all over thousands of everyday products.
But how much do you really know about Fairtrade?
In today's episode we take a look at how it really works, who benefits, and why some companies are starting up alternatives to Fairtrade.
In today's episode we cover:
- A brief history of 'trade'
- Why farmers get a bad deal
- Max Havelaar & the first fair trade coffee
- The Dutch in Indonesia
- The mission of Fairtrade
- How Fairtrade works
- Why it works
- The criticisms of Fairtrade
- Alternatives to Fairtrade
- The future of Fairtrade
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/fair-trade
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#47: Fox News // The Presidential Propaganda Machine
It's one of the most powerful television channels in the United States, the current US president’s preferred news channel, and referred to by some as 'state TV'.
In today's episode we take a look at Fox News: who watches it, how it really makes money, and what event could cause its downfall.
In today's episode we cover:
- The growth of Fox News
- Fox News & Donald Trump
- News vs. opinion
- Very good, excellent, or superb - North Korean TV in America
- Advertisers on Fox News
- How Fox News really makes money
- Is Fox News really American?
- The Fox News viewer
- The Coronavirus & Fox News
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/fox-news
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#45: Guy Fawkes // The Man Who Tried To Blow Up Parliament
In the early hours of November 5th, 1605, a man was found in a cellar under The Houses of Parliament. He was moments away from blowing everything up, killing the King, and changing the course of British history forever.
Today we tell the story of Guy Fawkes, and how we went from religious terrorist to anti-establishment icon.
In today's episode we cover:
- November 5th celebrations in the UK
- The persecution of Catholics in Britain
- The plan to blow up parliament
- The anonymous letter
- Who really was Guy Fawkes?
- The execution of Guy Fawkes
- Was it all a conspiracy?
- Impact on the English language
- Weird Guy Fawkes traditions
- Guy Fawkes in popular culture
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/guy-fawkes
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#43: Tulipmania // When Flowers Cost More Than Houses
In Holland in the 1600s the price of tulips rose so much that a single bulb reportedly cost more than a townhouse on Amsterdam's grand canal.
Today we look at the real story behind one of the greatest bubbles in history.
- What is a tulip?
- Why are things expensive?
- Why were tulips so expensive in Holland?
- Why were some people in Holland so rich?
- How tulips grow
- Tulip contracts
- The greater fool theory
- When the market crashed
- What really happened
- Have we learned our lesson?
- (BONUS) How to not lose all your money in a financial bubble
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/tulipmania
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#41: The Great Train Robbery
In 1963 a criminal gang managed to stop a Royal Mail train, steal £2 million pounds in cash (£55 million in today's money), and escape. It took them just 15 minutes.
Today we tell the story of this infamous robbery, and the hunt to find the men who did it.
- The train carrying all the money
- Why was it carrying so much money?
- The story of the robbery
- The hunt for the suspects
- The discovery of the farm
- The Monopoly piece and the fingerprints
- The arrest of the suspects
- Who were the robbers?
- The escape from jail
- Ronnie Biggs in Brazil
- The victim of the robbery
- The Great Train Robbery in popular culture
Key vocabulary: Robbery, Equivalent, Thefts, Miss a trick, Fantastic, Royal Mail, Cash, Whole load, Circulation, Grabbed, Harsh, Tied up, Carriage, Detach, Track, Rear, Routine, Gang, Robbers, Overpowered, Embankment, Accomplices, Fellow, Getaway, A matter of, Thieves, Alerted, On the hunt for, Robbery, Squad, Underground, Associates, Infamous, Tip-off, Coming and going, Abnormal, Deserted, Be onto something, Wipe sth down, Fingerprints, Clues, Track down, Tracking, Consisted, Motley crew, Threaten, The muscle, Man inside, Get away with something, Passed away, Sentence, Most certainly, Escapee, Fled, Plastic surgery, Extradition, Treaty, Deport, Tried, Caipirinhas, Deteriorated, Longed to, CommittedServe, Compassionate, Grounds, Romanticised, Victim, Iron bar, Severe, Victimless, Theft, Eclipsed, Pop culture, Lyrics, Manhunt, Inspire
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/the-great-train-robbery
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#39: The Story Of A Fantastic Dictionary
In 1755, Samuel Johnson published an English dictionary that has gone down in history.
Not only was it the first of its kind, it was full of funny jokes.
Today we tell the story of this fantastic dictionary.
- Dictionaries before 1755
- Why Johnson's was so famous
- Why was a dictionary needed?
- Why was the English language a mess?
- 'Fixing' English
- Johnson's dictionary: 40,000 words of fine scholarship
- Hidden joke 1: the definition of 'oats'
- Hidden joke 2: the definition of 'lexicographer'
- Hidden joke 3: the definition of 'lunch'
- Why writing a dictionary is so hard
Key vocabulary: Scholarship, Intriguing, Politically correct, Authoritative, Captured, The masses, Painting a picture, Linguistic, Reflecting on, Estimated, Mess, Literacy, Formal, All-encompassing, Collate, Unsatisfactory, Fast-forward, Scene was set, Stabilise, Anomalies, Peculiarities, Set things straight, Hang on, Exceptions, Convoluted, Messy, Organism, Gargantuan, Rivalry, Harmless, Busies, Tracing, Unpleasant, Unappreciated, Extensive, Buried, Highlighted, Adapt, From scratch, Evolving
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/the-story-of-a-fantastic-dictionary
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#37: London’s Gin Craze // Mother’s Ruin
300 years ago, London experienced a gin craze of epic scale, with the average Londoner drinking 10 times the amount of gin that the world's biggest gin drinking country does now.
Today, it's time to learn about how gin almost destroyed London.
We'll learn about:
- 👀 Why 'gin' is called 'gin'
- ⚡ The perfect storm that made caused the gin boom
- 🍸 The gin shops
- 🌡 The ingredients of the 'gin'
- ☠ "Drunk for a penny; dead drunk for two pennies; clean straw for nothing.”
- 💊 Gin craze = crack cocaine epidemic?
- 👶 Poor Mary Defour
- ⚖ The Gin Act of 1751
- 📈 Gin today & the resurgence of gin
Key vocabulary: Epidemic, Epic, Bear in mind, Customary, Sophisticated, Phenomenon, Spirit, Juniper, Variant, Liquor, Brandy, Fate, Imported, Patriotic, Domestic, Reliance, Unlicensed, Boom, Legislation, Disposable income, Perfect storm, Establishments, Sipping, Emerge, Fiendishly, Sulphuric acid, Turpentine, Impotent, Sterile, Exceeded, Vast, Pass out, Monotonous, Drawn parallels, Impurities, Hopelessly, Wake-up call, Passed, Consumption, Resurgence, Craze, Stronghold
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/londons-gin-craze
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#35: Is The World Really Running Out Of Sand?
After water and air, it's the most used natural resource in the world. But are we really running out of it?
If so, why? And what happens if we do?
In today's episode we cover:
- 🌡 What do we use sand for?
- 🏘 How much sand goes into a house?
- 🇨🇳 How much sand China uses
- ⏳ Where does this sand come from?
- 👮♂️ Sand mafias
- 🤷♂️ Can we avoid using sand?
- 🗼 Sand in Dubai (it doesn't come from where you think it does)
Key vocabulary: Rolling, Dunes, Trekking, Infinite, Implausible, Run out, Pace, Consume, Crucial, Small-fry, Concrete, Asphalt, Aggregate, Runways, Gravel, Foundation, Cubic, Inhabitants, Urbanisation, Phenomenal, Reiterate, Vast, Embarked, Infrastructure, Trucks, Fine, Grains, Spherical, Barefoot, Cement, Angular, Sucks it up, Finite, Emergence, Mafias, Bribing, Turn a blind eye, Extracting, Corrupt, Suck up, Sucked up, Ecosystem, Ecological, Over the course, Outstrips, Particles, Temporary, Reinforce, Clocking in, Imported, Excess, Sink, Bunkers, Gargantuan, Uplifting,
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/is-the-world-really-running-out-of-sand
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#33: Universal Basic Income
What would happen if the government just gave everyone money?
That's the idea of Universal Basic Income, and it's an idea that has supporters from all across the political spectrum.
In today's episode we cover:
- ✍ History of Universal Basic Income
- 🤖 Are the robots coming?
- 💸 Who should get the money?
- 💰 Who should pay for it?
- 👏 Who supports Universal Basic Income?
- 👍 Advantages of Universal Basic Income
- 👎 Disadvantages of Universal Basic Income
- 🇫🇮 The experiment in Finland - what happens when you give 2,000 people €560 a month?
- 🇱🇷 The experiment in Liberia - what happens when you give alcoholics and drug addicts money?
- ❓ Future of Universal Basic Income
Key vocabulary: Traction, Entrepreneurs, Programmers, Shareholders, Counteract, Bureaucracy, Poverty line, Corporations, Majority, Shareholdings, Spectrum, Libertarians, Pushing for, Proponent, Signature, Regardless, Neoliberal, Top-up, Extensively, Outcomes, Outspoken, Widespread, Adoption, Touched on, Dishing out, Assessing, Better off, Vehemently, Handing out, Implementing, Factor in, Welfare, Backsides, Handout, Incentive, Vicious cycle, Inflation, Get by, Vicious circle, Subsistence, Counter argument, Persuasive, Deemed, Compelling
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/universal-basic-income
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#31: How Google Works
It's the most visited website in the world, with 80,000 searches per second. But have you ever actually wondered how it really works?
In today's episode we'll take a look at how this technology giant really works.
- 🔠 Alphabet & Google
- 🖥 What does 'The Internet' actually mean?
- 🕷 Google Spider
- 🤔 How does Google decide what results to show you?
- ❓ How does Google decide how websites are good or bad?
- 📊 Relevance, Quality, and User Experience
- 💵 How Google makes $6,000 a second
- 🛎 How Google Ads work
- 💍Why advertisers pay almost $1,000 for one click
- 📍 3 weird facts about Google - 1) How many new queries are asked every day, 2) How far a search travels and 3) How many computers are used in a single Google search?
Key vocabulary: On the hunt, Junk, Crawlers, Algorithm, Scanning, Adopt, Straightforward, Obscure, Trustworthy, Likewise, Popups, Tend, Tradeoff, Delicate, Distinctive, Rank, Auction, Bid, Indicate, Asbestos, Bidding, Implications, Round trip, Scratched the surface
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/how-google-works
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#29: Palantir: The Most Important Company You’ve Never Heard Of
You might know nothing about it. But certainly does (or could do) know a huge amount about you.
Let's take a look at this incredibly powerful company that has the power to see everything we do.
In today's episode we cover:
- Animating transcripts
- Peter Thiel - founder of Palantir
- What does Palantir actually do?
- Big data
- What if the technology wasn't used for good?
- Minority Report in real life - the crime prediction tool
- Palantir & ICE
- The successes of Palantir
- Lord of the Rings
Key vocabulary: Poses, Libertarian, Doublespeak, Anything but, Connect the dots, Insider trading, Buzzword, Gargantuan, Piece together, Scratching their head, Crack, Infinitely, Hardware, Weigh up, Erosion, All-seeing, Comb, Speak out, Monitor, In inverted commas, Eerily, Algorithm, Creepy, Bias, Weighted, Deport, Pleas, Back down, Treasonous, Cynics, Lucrative, Web, Intrusion, Fraudster, Omnipotent, Orb, Blinding
****
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/palantir-the-most-important-company-youve-never-heard-of
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#28: Help!
Today is a bit of a change from the normal.
It's time to ask for your help.
Let's build the best podcast in the world together.
- Animated transcripts
- Update on the podcast after 2 months
- What do I know?
- How you can help
- What you get in return
Key vocabulary: Animated, Browser, For one, Condense, Ether, Hand in hand, Pile, Operation, Shape, Priority, Shaping, Ray of light, Pleading
****
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/help
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#27: North Korea - The Hermit Kingdom
The media might portray it as just a failed state run by a mad dictator, but today we'll find out that things might be just a little bit more complicated than they seem.
In today's episode we cover:
- Post Second World War - US vs. USSR in the Korean Peninsula
- The Korean War
- The post-war years
- North Korea & China
- Nuclear weapons (and why do they really have them?)
- Kim Jong-un
- North Korea in 2020
- 4 weird facts about North Korea (haircuts, marijuana, holes in one & the calendar)
Key vocabulary: Isolated, Feature, Animates, Neat, Slap bang in the middle, Powerhouse, Pariah, Hermit, Dictator, Recapping, Peninsula, Annexed, Colony, Guerilla, Construct, Jurisdiction, Backing, Stronghold, Armistice, Thriving, Polar, Unwind, Dissolution, Toppled, Precarious, Cozy up, Buffer, Affiliated, Perished, Enriching, Uranium, Volatile, Ruthless, Erratic, Counterpart, , Offensively, Reprisal, Offensive, Deterrent, Bargaining, Diplomatic, Concessions, Dismal, Prestige, Credentials, Longevity, Portrayed, Missile, Legitimacy, Gestures, Surreal, Brutal, Sentenced, Lighthearted, Curtail, Trivia, Feats, Sank, Hole in one, Phenomenally, Enlightening
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/north-korea-the-hermit-kingdom
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#25: What's The Difference Between Great Britain and The United Kingdom?
Confused about the difference between Great Britain and The United Kingdom, and always wondered when to call someone British instead of English, Scottish, Welsh or Irish? Let's clear it up, and explain how we got to this, admittedly, pretty complicated situation.
In today's episode we cover:
- Bye bye European Union
- Do people in the UK know the difference?
- The UK vs. Great Britain
- England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland - countries or not?
- Key events in the history of the formation of The United Kingdom
- The British Isles (actually 6,000 islands)
- Why is Great Britain 'Great'?
- Why does England play at the football World Cup but Great Britain compete at the olympics?
- When should you call someone British vs. English, Scottish, Welsh or Irish?
- What might happen after Brexit?
Key vocabulary: Listing out, Tricky, Interchangeably, Generalise, Stereotype, In light of, Admittedly, Synonyms, Sovereign state, Counties, I wouldn't blame you, Parliament, Ultimately, Key, Unification, Tribes, Effectively, Withdrew, Recap, Comprised, Bailiwick, Conflicting, Distinguish, Ego, Abundantly, Compete, Catchy, Branding, Fiercely, Heritage, Offended, Bet, Long story short, Phenomenally, Plausible, Referendum, Inevitably, Misuses
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/whats-the-difference-between-great-britain-and-the-united-kingdom
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#24: Part 2: The Most Common Mistakes People Make When Learning English (and How To Avoid Them)
It's time for Part 2 of our most common mistakes people make when learning English.
In today's episode we cover:
- Recap of Part 1
- Why you shouldn't focus on grammar (and how to actually learn grammar)
- Why you shouldn't just do 'survival' listening
- Why you don't need to go to an English-speaking country (and how to create your own immersion course)
- How to set aside time for English learning
- Why you should set yourself goals
- How to set yourself goals
- How to avoid getting disheartened
Key vocabulary: Hacks, Rid, Right up your street, Standalone, Discipline, Tricky, Bonus, Genders, Conjugations, Discouraged, Motivation, Heads down, Masochist, Classify, Base, Conjugated, By all means, Embrace, Quirkiness, Pet peeve, Combat, Gist, Core, Starting out, Purely, Turn of phrase, Switch, Interaction, Close to my heart, Hats off to you, Assuming, Immersive, Enroll, Hate on, Setting foot, Kudos, Dedicate, Postpone, Skip, Overused, Shinier, Chore, Motivation, Vicious circle, Slot, Routine, Ambitious, Penultimate, Motivate, Annotate, Flowing, Elaborate, Disheartened, Roller coaster, Uphill, Pack everything in, Uplifting, Interlude, Pointless
****
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/part-2-the-most-common-mistakes-people-make-when-learning-english-and-how-to-avoid-them
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#23: Part 1: The Most Common Mistakes People Make When Learning English (and How to Avoid Them)
It's time to take a look at the most common mistakes people make when learning English, and how to avoid them.
In today's episode we cover:
- 📍 Strategic vs. Specific mistakes
- 📕 Why you shouldn't use traditional language learning content
- 👀 Why you shouldn't judge your progress against that of others
- 📈 Are there really any English learning hacks?
- 😍 How to embrace the English learning process
- 🤞 How to get over your fear of making mistakes
- 👨🏻 Francesco, the fearless Sicilian English learner
- 🗣 Why you shouldn't speak too fast
- 🧠 Barack Obama as an orator
- 🔍 Sneak peek at Part 2
Key vocabulary: Deviation, Avoiding, Specifics, Strategic, Pat on the back, Disheartened, Hacks, Squeeze, Boosting, Specific, Without further ado, Artificial, Staged, Motivate, Chore, Dulled down, Over and above, Small-talk, Motivation, Pace, Engage, By all means, Tactics, Zero-sum, Endlessly, Core, Caught up, Shiny, Pains me, Prominent, Miraculously, Minimise, Framing, Embrace, At ease, Tedious, Relish, Elusive, Degree, As useful as being hit in the face with a wet fish, Patronise, Literate, Nod, In all probability, Scholarship, Implausible, Aptitude, Moustache, Prestigious, Single out, Equate, Orators, Hesitate, Comes across, Proxy, Linguistic, Nuanced, Accomplished, Bite-sized, Call this a day, Sneak peak, Detrimental, Momentum
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/part-2-the-most-common-mistakes-people-make-when-learning-english-and-how-to-avoid-them
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#21: Conspiracy Theories
Do you believe in conspiracy theories?
Millions of people around the world do.
Today we're going to ask ourselves why, talk about why they can be so seductive, and zoom in on some of the wackiest ones out there.
This episode covers:
- 👀 What is a conspiracy theory?
- 👄Why conspiracy theories can be so seductive
- 🧠Why do we seek connections between events?
- 📈Why are conspiracy theories growing in popularity?
- 🍕Pizzagate & the danger of conspiracy theories
- ❄Why people believe Disney made Frozen
- 🦖Why people believe the dinosaurs built the pyramids
- ⛩Who people think advised on the building of Stonehenge
- 🐰The internet rabbit warren of conspiracy theories
Key vocabulary: Seductive, Faked, An inside job, Deep state, Fictional, Narratives, Goodies, Baddies, Institution, Baddy, Overplay, Assume, Narrative, Underlying, Intentionally, Deceived, Niche, Recesses, Mainstream, Attribute, Ease, Engaged in, Fanning the flames, Serial, Legitimises, Given the light of day, Laughable, Child sex ring, Spread, Surfaced, Harassed, Debunked, Airtime, Wackiest, Without further ado, Extinct, Tamed, Domesticated, Supposedly, Tenuous, Policy line, Distract, Cryogenically frozen, Franchise, Prehistoric, Piled up, Estimated, Blocks, Quite a stretch, Rabbit warren, Slippery slope
****
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/conspiracy-theories
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#19: British Food Part 4 - The (Earl of) Sandwich
Britain's biggest contribution to gastronomy, the sandwich, was invented 250 years ago. How it was invented may surprise you though. Today it's time for part 4 of our mini-series on British food, where we go for a journey into sandwich history.
In today's episode we cover:
- 10 days left to get promotional price for transcripts & key vocabulary
- Earl of Sandwich (and his gambling problem)
- Did the Earl of Sandwich really invent the sandwich?
- Growth of sandwich eating in the UK
- Invention #1 - sliced bread
- Invention #2 - pre-packed sandwiches
- Science of sandwich making
- Sandwiches in the USA (and why they didn't adopt sandwiches immediately)
- My favourite sandwich
- Conclusion of British food mini-series
Links:
List of notable sandwiches: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sandwiches
Key vocabulary: Sojourn, Lock in, Gastronomy, Popularised, Earl, Serial, Habitual, Binge, Wrapped, Biography, Commitment, Culinary, Genius, Fillings, Predate, Out of thin air, Mezze, Platters, Sandwiched, Likelihood, Took off, First men, Boosted, The best thing since sliced bread, Fiddly, Iconic, Leftover, Wrapped them up, Hit, On the go, Nowadays, Soggy, Travel hack, Travel hack, Affordable, For want of, Adopt, Founding fathers, Stuffy, Archaic, Afresh, Held off, Aristocratic, Morals, Upheld, Iconic, Notable, Peruse, Bucket list, Boxing day, Pardon, Pun, Reputation, Aristocracy, For that matter.
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/british-food-part-4-the-earl-of-sandwich
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#18: British Food Part 3 - The English Breakfast
The English Breakfast is a truly British institution, and its history goes back 700 years. In today's podcast we go into the story behind the meal, and reveal how it went from favourite of lords and ladies to the way the working classes started the day.
- Different types of English breakfast
- The Gentry and their breakfasts
- Breakfasts for normal British people (and how they weren't very exciting)
- The emergence of a new merchant class (and how they tried to emulate the gentry)
- The Victorian concept of breakfast
- The emergence of the modern 'English breakfast'
- When half of Britain started the day with an English breakfast
- Where to find the best English breakfasts
- When can you eat an English breakfast?
- What's the difference between a wedding breakfast and an English breakfast?
Key vocabulary: Penultimate, Fueled, Dodgy, Batch, Institution, Deviations, Cornish, Ulster, Bursting at the seams, Mortified, Stuffing their faces, Reserved, Prevalent, Pauper, Nobles, Lavish, Ale, Better off, Stretch to, Dripping, Toiling, Besides, Inheriting, Aspire, Seeking, Enthusiastically, Notion, Flaunt, Go to huge lengths, Secure, Cured, Offal, Sumptuous, Banquets, Precious, Copious, Accessible, Take for granted, Emerge, Bed and breakfasts, Black pudding, Peak, Aspiring, Staple, Decline, Hipster, Natural selection, Longevity, Age-old, Hangover, Pre-reformation, Bride, Groom, Fasted, Communion, Stomach, Comfort foods
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/british-food-part-3-the-english-breakfast
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#17: British Food Part 2 - Fish & Chips
It's a British classic, but how much do you really know about it? Today we are diving into the fascinating history of fish and chips, and we'll discover that it might be not quite so British as you might think.
In today's episode we cover:
- How famous people liked their fish and chips
- Why people think fish and chips helped the Allies win World War I and World War II
- Why French housewives might be key to fish and chips
- Did Jewish immigrants to Britain invent the fried fish?
- Or was it a Northern entrepreneur?
- Why fish and chips was so popular
- The factors that meant that fish and chips could be eaten up and down the country
- Why fish and chips used to be wrapped in newspaper (and why they aren't anymore)
- Fish and chips today
- Preview of the next episode: The History of The English Breakfast
Key vocabulary: Fateful, Greasy, Smothered, Mushy peas, Payday, Safeguarding, Vital, Home front, Regime, Snooty, Staving off, Disaffection, Tolerate, Home comforts, Averted, Bent over backwards, Rationed, Iconic, Humble, Substitute, Resourceful, Coated, Breadcrumbs, Shabbat, Anti-semitism, In accordance, Marry, Controversy, Rage, Hut, Wildfire, Deviation, Arithmetic, Staple, Advent, Trawl, Inland, Ruled, Greaseproof, Portions, Plummeted, Plethora, Self-respecting, Cliché, Transition, Aristocracy
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/british-food-part-2-fish-chips
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#16: British Food Part 1 - Oysters
Today is the first of our 4-part mini-series on British food, and we're going to talk about something you might not expect to appear in a series on British food: the oyster.
In today's episode we cover:
- Introduction to the mini-series on British food
- Oysters in Roman times (and how Romans were crazy about oysters)
- Oysters as a poor man's food
- How people used to eat oysters (with beer, salt and pepper, and in pies)
- A time when Londoners used to eat 1 oyster per day
- The meal (and scandal) that destroyed the oyster industry
- The future of oysters in Britain
Key vocabulary: Hot off the heels, Culinary, Oysters, Pearl, Fell completely out of favour, Distrusted, Slurping, Sitting, Prospect, Think much (of), Delicacy, Drift, Plucked, Cultivation, Ale, Flat, Drumming up business, Era, Heyday, Slimy, Substitute, Stretch, Banquet, Transpired, Batch, Contaminated, Dignitary, Typhoid, Esteemed, Sewers, Piped, Moguls, Sewage, Bitter, Litigation, Press charges, Amounted to, Nutrients, Award, Testified, Compensation, Clubbed together, Inscribed, Dodgy, Stocks, Depleted, Bolstered, On the off chance, Next in store, Cunning, Albeit, Cult, Allies
****
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/british-food-part-1-oysters
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#15: Why Is All The News So Negative? And What If It Wasn't?
Episode #015 - English Learning for Curious Minds
Why Is All The News So Negative? And What If It Wasn't?
****
Why is the news always full of disasters? What would the world be like if it wasn't?
Let's take a look at some of the theories about why the news is always so negative, and imagine what kind of world might exist if it wasn't.
In today's episode we cover:
- What is the point of the news?
- What is the role of journalism?
- Who decides the news?
- If it bleeds, it leads (and why bloody stories always come first)
- Why are people attracted by negative stories?
- News organisations as commercial entities
- What negative news does to our brains
- The Gandhi Thought Experiment
- What if our news wasn't so negative? An introduction to solutions-based journalism
- How to avoid the negative news cycle
Key vocabulary: Famine, Tuning in, Bleak, Commonplace, Untold, Accountable, Noble pursuit, Lead with, Editorial, Prominence, Gravitate, Mortality, Gore, Gloating, Taken for granted, Captivate, Numerous, First and foremost, Eyeballs, Bursting your bubble, Revenue, Gravitating, Skewed, Mindset, Exposed to, Bombarded, Empathise, Bombardment, Perception, Perceived, Minuscule, Recalibrating, Anchoring, Implausible, Glued, Contradictory, Unwed, Back of our minds, Bushfires, Helpless, Advocating, Inspire, Uplift, Strike fear into, Optimistic, Fed up, News cycle, Retreat, Intake, Longer form, Fearmonger, Flicking through, Nutrition, Cut yourself off, Out of the loop, Outweighed, Freshness
Jodie Jackson's website: https://www.jodiejackson.com/
****
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/why-is-all-the-news-so-negative-and-what-if-it-wasnt
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#13: Why is New Year, New Year?
Have you ever wondered why January 1st is the start of the new year?
In today's episode we cover:
- History of the celebrations of New Year
- When New Year used to be in mid-March
- How the Romans tried to fix the calendar
- The longest year in history
- The Julian calendar (why it worked, and why it didn't)
- The pope who brought things back to January 1st
- New year today
Key vocabulary: Pressing, Conversation starter, Bringing in, Topical, Timely, Observed, Festivity, Falling out of sync, Toasted, Implemented, Leap year, Pagan, Befitting, Abolished, Circumcision, Circumcised, Reticent, Colonies, Millennia, Custom, Neglected, Myriad, Skipping over
****
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/why-is-new-year-new-year
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#11: The Book That Made Christmas, Christmas
Episode #011 - English Learning for Curious Minds
The Book That Made Christmas, Christmas
****
Today we take a look at the book that is fundamental to our modern understanding of what makes Christmas, Christmas. No, it's not the Bible. It was written in Victorian London, and tells the story of an old miser who discovers the Christmas spirit.
In today's episode we cover:
- The publication of A Christmas Carol
- When and why the British stopped celebrating Christmas
- Summary of the story of A Christmas Carol
- Dickens' moral tale about the importance of Christmas
- The cultural importance of A Christmas Carol
- The linguistic importance of A Christmas Carol
- How the Christmas card was invented
- Merry Christmas
Key vocabulary: Dare say, Tables may be turned, Instrumental, Enduring, Further afield, Consensus, Puritanical, Sabbath, Headed off, Inherently, Sinful, Degenerate, Reluctant, Wholeheartedly, Underlying, Vivid, Seized upon, Recap, Squeezing, Wrenching, Grasping, Scraping, Clutching, Covetous, Sinner, Self-serving, Fate, Befallen, Paralysed, Infamous, Alter, Resonated, Utterly, Horrific, Rallying call, Stamped, Crippled, Vulnerable, Smash hit, Inexorably, Frantically, Civil servant, Caught on, (give) a shot, Deed
****
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/the-book-that-made-christmas-christmas
---
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Keywords: Learn English, vocabulary, lessons, idioms, aprende inglés, idiomas, aprender inglês, apprendre l'anglais, imparare l’inglese, ingilizce öğren,英語を習う, تعلم الإنجليزية
#9: Who Owns Space (And Why Does It Matter)?
Part 3 of the 3-part series on "Who owns the sea, sky, and space?"
We humans do a pretty good job of dividing up ownership of the world. But what about beyond that? Who owns space? Who decides who owns that, and why does it matter?
In today's episode we cover:
- Why nobody used to even think about space ownership
- The Cold War (and what people thought it meant for weapons in space)
- The Space Treaty (and what its real intention was)
- Where does space start?
- What happens if a shuttle crashes when in space?
- Why you can't really buy a piece of the moon
Key vocabulary: Customary, Captivated, Realm, Supernatural, Implausible, Into orbit, Realms of possibility, Logical, Implied, Figurative, Catchy, Side note, Ban, Vice versa, Loose, Demarcation, Provision, Mine, Proliferation, Framework, Untapped, Sovereign territory, Interpreted, Set up, Grab yourself, Holding up, Plough, Lunar, Tycoon, Congested, Thorny
****
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/who-owns-space
---
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Keywords: Learn English, vocabulary, lessons, idioms, aprende inglés, idiomas, aprender inglês, apprendre l'anglais, imparare l’inglese, ingilizce öğren,英語を習う, تعلم الإنجليزية
#8: Who Owns The Sky (And Why Does It Matter)?
Part 2 of the 3-part series on "Who owns the sea, sky, and space?"
Ever wondered who actually owns the sky?
Today we'll discuss who owns it, why it's still not clear who does own most of it, and why that doesn't actually really matter.
- What does 'the sky' actually mean?
- Different parts of 'the sky'
- Why only the very bottom of the sky matters
- The 13th Century law upon which western laws are based
- How do countries use ownership of the sky to help their political goals
- Where does the sky end?
Key vocabulary: Contextualise, Extends, Slice, Stick with, Round off, Lump, Soil, Stood the test of time, Encroach on, Amendments, Advent, Trespassing, Infinite, Extract tariffs, , Routine, Hard and fast, Obscure, Proportion, Stretch out, Come in pretty handy, For starters, Revenue, Air traffic control, Nice little earner, Handy, Exert, Leader on, Consensus, Bypass, Crises, Frontier
****
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/who-owns-the-sky
---
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Keywords: Learn English, vocabulary, lessons, idioms, aprende inglés, idiomas, aprender inglês, apprendre l'anglais, imparare l’inglese, ingilizce öğren,英語を習う, تعلم الإنجليزية
#7: Who Owns The Sea (And Why Does It Matter)?
Part 1 of the 3-part series on "Who owns the sea, sky, and space?"
Who Owns The Sea (And Why Does It Matter)?
***
Ever wondered who actually owns the sea? Learn about who owns 2/3 of the surface area of the world, why countries want to claim ownership of rocks in the middle of nowhere, and why this matters.
In today's episode we cover:
- Introduction to the 3-part mini series
- Who owns the world's land?
- History of sea ownership & the cannon shot rule
- The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
- Why the US hasn't signed the convention
- Different types of ownership of different parts of the sea
- Why countries are rushing to claim ownership of the Arctic ocean
- What happens in the 'high seas' (spoiler alert: pirates not allowed)
- Why countries in East Asia are fighting over abandoned rocks
- The man who orchestrated it all: Arvid Pardo
Key vocabulary: Frontier, Sovereign, Straightforward, Enshrined in law, Come in pretty handy, Glossing over, Cannon, Cannonball, Anomalies, Consensus, A body of water, Demarcate, Zero-sum, Gargantuan, Undermines, Open up, Dent, In short, Boil this down, Impinges, , Submerged, Ended up, Recap, Ratified, Scrambling, Prevalent, Abide by, Engaged in, Piracy, Get round, Violating, Maritime, Claim jurisdiction, Unintended, Uninhabited, Prized, Flare up, Single out, Gives you the measure, Orphaned, Penniless, Tirelessly, Impassioned, Treacle, Heritage
****
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/who-owns-the-sea
---
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Keywords: Learn English, vocabulary, lessons, idioms, aprende inglés, idiomas, aprender inglês, apprendre l'anglais, imparare l’inglese, ingilizce öğren,英語を習う, تعلم الإنجليزية
#5: What Is Soft Power (And Why Does It Matter)?
"Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun" - Mao Zedong, 1927
"In the 21st century, culture is power" - Park Geun-hye (ex President of South Korea, home of Gangnam Style)
How do other countries win the political game without force? Why is language such a fantastic tool to project power across the world? What is Donald Trump doing for US interests outside the US?
Learn about how soft power is a vital tool in the global diplomatic toolbox, and how countries use it to advance their diplomatic aims.
Topics covered:
- The history of soft power
- Why it is no longer acceptable to attack other countries
- What components go into soft power
- Why language is the ultimate example of soft power (and why countries promote the learning of their language)
- The UK's soft power across the world
- The Soft Power Report (and who came top in 2019)
- Why the UK, France, Italy, the US, Sweden and Estonia all do well in terms of soft power
- China's soft power initiatives
- Why you can't buy soft power
- Why politicians neglect soft power
- What Europeans think of the US since 2016
Key vocabulary: Self-proclaimed, Geopolitics, Zero-sum, Projected, Coercion, Sanctions, Aspirational, Coined, Lingua franca, Dominant, Packs a sizeable punch, Prevalence, Gradual, Decline, Institutions, Slipped, Footprint, Republican, Imprint, Mastery, Amplifies, Deemed, Agenda, Funding, Portray, Toolbox, Timeframes, Reap, Foster, Blossom, Soundbites, Hostile, Struggle, Ranked, Bound, Dividends, Set in motion, Shift, Packs a substantial soft power punch, Neglect
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/what-is-soft-power-and-why-does-it-matter
---
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---
Keywords: Learn English, vocabulary, lessons, idioms, aprende inglés, idiomas, aprender inglês, apprendre l'anglais, imparare l’inglese, ingilizce öğren,英語を習う, تعلم الإنجليزية
#4: How To Use Podcasts To Learn English (Like A Boss)
In today's podcast we go in depth into why you should use podcasts to learn English, and explain some of the best techniques to maximise your English learning with podcasts.
We'll explain how you can take a 10 minute English podcast and turn it into an intensive 2 hour lesson, where you work on your English listening, speaking, reading and writing.
Then you can decide whether you're a serious English learner and want to test it, or you'd rather just put on Netflix and trick yourself into thinking that you're learning.
In today's episode we cover:
- Why listening is underrated
- Why learners find English podcasts hard
- Understanding language without visual cues
- Detailed explanation of how to use a 10 minute podcast to create a 2hr lesson
- How this compares to a 2hr film in English
- Final 2 tips on listening to podcasts in English
Key vocabulary: Dear to my heart, Underrated, Turbocharge, Toolkit, Attuned, Exposed, Superficial, Comes down to, Indulging, Switch off, Revert, Cues, Get by, First things first, Tend to, Spellcheck, Beneficial, Fundamental, Does wonders for, Akin to, Pastime, Inbuilt, Set aside a time, Brainlessly, Flicking, In your heart of hearts
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/how-to-use-podcasts-to-learn-english-like-a-boss
---
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---
Keywords: Learn English, vocabulary, lessons, idioms, aprende inglés, idiomas, aprender inglês, apprendre l'anglais, imparare l’inglese, ingilizce öğren,英語を習う, تعلم الإنجليزية
#3: The Most Amazing Prison Escapes in History
Today we're going to be taking a look at 5 of the most amazing prison escapes in history.
We'll travel to South Korea, Mexico, Germany, and the US, and discover some of the ingenious ways in which prisoners evaded their guards.
- Escape 1: John Herbert Dillinger and the wooden pistol
- Escape 2: Choi Gap Bok, the South Korean yoga expert
- Escape 3: The Alcatraz escape - but did it really happen?
- Escape 4: The Great Escape - how 600 men managed to keep an escape plan hidden from their guards
- Escape 5 (and 6): El Chapo, $2.5 million, laundry baskets, tunnels, and motorbikes
Key vocab: Protagonists, Ingenious, Dummies, Without further ado, Ringing a bell, Notorious, Carved, Lured, Shootout, Brute, Wriggle, Perished, Cult, Shark-infested, Tides, Feat, Raft, Intriguing, Immortalized, Squadron, Sheer, Barbed wire, Implicated, Evade, Extradited, Bribe
****
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/the-most-amazing-prison-escapes-in-history
---
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Keywords: Learn English, vocabulary, lessons, idioms, aprende inglés, idiomas, aprender inglês, apprendre l'anglais, imparare l’inglese, ingilizce öğren,英語を習う, تعلم الإنجليزية
#2: The Places In The World Where Planes Can't Fly
Ever wondered if there are places in the world where planes can't fly?
From mountainous regions to hostile states, from theme parks to ancient temples, it's time to find out where planes can and can't fly.
- A time when Western aeroplanes couldn't go over all of Russia and China
- How countries use their airspace as a political tool
- Why planes can't go over Tibet
- Why planes don't fly over Antarctica (hint, it's probably not why you think)
- What do Disney World, Disney Land and Buckingham Palace have in common?
- Why are there no planes over Paris?
Key vocabulary: Airspace, Ally, Ban, Revenue, Detour, Booming, Desirable, Lofty, Elevation, Regulation, Warrant, Prohibited, Inhabitants, Ostensibly
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/the-places-in-the-world-where-planes-cant-go
---
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Keywords: Learn English, vocabulary, lessons, idioms, aprende inglés, idiomas, aprender inglês, apprendre l'anglais, imparare l’inglese, ingilizce öğren,英語を習う, تعلم الإنجليزية
#1: Meet the English Learning for Curious Minds podcast
Wondering what the English Learning for Curious Minds podcast is all about, who is behind it, and whether it's for you?
In today's inaugural episode, we'll cover who should be listening to the podcast (hint - if you want to improve your English and learn interesting things about the way the world works, this is you), who is behind the podcast (an English native speaker and avid language learner), and talk about some of the quick things you can do to get the most out of the podcast.
- Who is behind the podcast (introduction to Alastair Budge)
- Why you need to listen to native speakers
- Where the English for Curious Minds podcast came from
- What you can expect from the podcast
- What does a 'curious mind' mean
- 2 quick and easy tips for how to use podcasts to learn English
Key vocabulary: Inaugural, Maximise, Let's get cracking, Trilingual, Avid, Exposing, Unforgiving, For starters, Scripted, Must, Whirring away, Innate, Absorb, Squarely, Condense, Dulled down, Artificially, Authentic, Non-trivial, Carve out, Mammoth, Touch on, Come round, A taster, Faceless, Corporation.
Full transcript and key vocabulary available on the website: www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/meet-the-english-for-curious-minds-podcast
---
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Keywords: Learn English, vocabulary, lessons, idioms, aprende inglés, idiomas, aprender inglês, apprendre l'anglais, imparare l’inglese, ingilizce öğren,英語を習う, تعلم الإنجليزية
Trailer: English Learning for Curious Minds
Learning English doesn't need to be boring. You don't need to drown in grammar books, you don't need to spend hours memorising phrasal verbs.
English Learning for Curious Minds is the podcast that teaches you English through teaching you fascinating things about the world.
No boring listening exercises, no drills, no scripted conversations.
Just thoroughly researched, utterly fascinating stories.
It's English learning, but just not as you knew it.
Fler poddar
Podcasten English Learning for Curious Minds är skapad av Leonardo English. Podcastens innehåll och bilderna på den här sidan hämtas med hjälp av det offentliga podcastflödet (RSS).
En liten tjänst av I'm With Friends. Finns även på engelska.