Why You Want a Chipper/Shredder, and not a Rototiller.

With fall approaching, now might be a good time to invest in some equipment to ease autumn and winter chores as well as improve your soil: making mulch from tree branches with a chipper/shredder, or easing raking chores by gathering the fallen leaves with a device that blows them into a pile, sucks them into a 30-gallon bag, and chops them up into little pieces as they head to the bag, where you can then spread those chopped-up leaves as mulch. In today’s podcast (above) we talk with Brad Gay of JB’s Power Equipment in Davis, California about what to look for when shopping for a chipper/shredder as well as the niftiness of owning a piece of equipment such as a Shred n Vac that can reduce those piles of leaves into gardener’s gold: mulch! These segments were recorded during the first wave of Covid, so there may be mask references. However, I bet we all still have a box of masks somewhere handy.

What You May Have Missed on This Week’s Garden Basics Podcast

But first, a not-so-subtle plug for the latest episode (#354) of the Garden Basics with Farmer Fred podcast, Lawn Substitutes.

Ripping out or reducing a lawn come fall? In this episode, Fred and America’s Favorite Retired College Horticulture Professor, Debbie Flower, discuss lawn elimination and alternative landscape options. They address the challenges of transitioning from lawns to alternative landscapes, including weed management and aesthetics. They explore lawn alternatives that require less maintenance and water, such as no-mow lawns, fescue varieties, and ground cover like dymondia and clover. They caution against over-reliance on artificial turf and emphasize the importance of localized advice and education about plants that thrive in unique ecosystems. They also discuss the need for proper maintenance in all types of landscapes.

Chipper-Shredder vs Rototiller

 Are you thinking about buying a rototiller? How about instead purchasing a chipper/shredder? Now, that's a machine that's going to make easy work of chopping up your garden clippings including tree limbs. it's going to make it into the greatest mulch you could possibly own. The latest research shows that rototilling your soil actually damages soil structure and doesn't do anything good for the soil biology. On the other hand, the end result of using a chipper/shredder is going to provide you with a quality of mulch that we like to call, "gardeners' gold".  

Northern California Organic Gardening Consultant Steve Zien has some rather strong thoughts on this subject. Go back and listen to his comments back in Episode 89 of the Garden Basics podcast, from 2021.

Thinking that perhaps his opinions may have mellowed on the chipper-shredder vs rototiller choice over the last three and a half years, I recently asked for his thoughts. Nope. No change. Here’s what he had to say (in bullets):

Chipper shredder

Pros:

• Eliminates or dramatically reduces green waste

• Helps eliminate the need for a rototiller

• Provides material for mulch or compost

• When shreddings are applied to soil surface:

• Feeds soil biology – resulting in improvements in:

• Soil structure (pore space diversity)

• Improve movement in soil by water, air, roots, soil biology

• Soil water holding capacity (drought resistance)

• Nutrient holding capacity

• Biological diversity of soil microbes

• Greater variety of nutrients, vitamins etc. available to plants

• Improves pest resistance

• Plant health improves (drought resistance, pest resistance)

• Nutrient availability to plants improve

• Availability of natural growth hormones, vitamins improves

• Nutrient content of vegetables improves

• Sequesters carbon – contributes to the reversal of climate change

• Weed management benefits

• Mulch created by chipper/shredder moderates soil temperatures

• Erosion protection (mulch slows the force of falling rain)

• Mulch created by chipper/shredder repels some pests

Cons:

• Expensive

• Hard work. And, when done, you then have to apply the mulch to soil surface

• Don’t chip diseased material

Rototiller:

Pros:

• Get to smell actinomycetes

• Mental connection to past horticultural practices (although no longer recommended)

• Creates fine seedbed – but soil quickly becomes compacted making it difficult for sprouts to develop

Cons:

• It’s hard work

• Expensive

• Destroys soil structure

• Compacts soil (reducing aeration, drainage, limit root development)

• Fine clays quickly fill in pore spaces

• Increases runoff – transporting soil, nutrients and pesticides into our waterways

• Kills beneficial soil biology

• Makes it harder for your plants to grow

• Harder to obtain water, nutrients, growth hormones, vitamins

• Increases pest susceptibility due in part to:

       • Reduced crop health

       • Pest management provided by soil biology

      • Reduces nutrient content of food crops

       • Results in the need for additional irrigation, fertilization, pesticides

• Mother Nature’s natural rototillers (earthworms) are killed by the blades.

• Creates biological imbalance - abundance of bacteria vs. fungi (raises pH)

• Loss in biological diversity in the soil

• Reduction of soil health (results in reduction of plant health)

• Reduces ability of soil to function

• Releases greenhouse gasses (CO2) to atmosphere – contributing to global climate change

• Reduces organic matter content

        • Reduces soils water holding capacity – need to irrigate more/more runoff….

        • Makes plants more susceptible to drought

        • Reduces food for soil biology

• Reduces soil productivity

• Reduces soil cover

• People feel they need to till every spring because previous tillage created a compacted, dead soil below

• Brings up weed seeds so they can germinate

Obviously, Steve has a bleak future as a salesman at Troy-Bilt.

How to Choose a Chipper-Shredder

(Originally aired in Ep. 51 of the Garden Basics with Farmer Fred podcast, “Chipper-Shredder Basics”)

Farmer Fred

We're talking with Brad Gay, he owns JBS power equipment in Davis, California. What are the benefits of owning your own Chipper/Shredder?

Brad Gay   

The big, big thing if you're into gardening or if you're just starting out in gardening or whatever level of gardening you're at, the chipper shredder is going to give you a means of changing the soil quality of your garden and you're going to be able to get rid of stuff that you would maybe put in a container that the city or county would pick up; or you would have to haul it off. With this, you can maintain your yard and get rid of your trimmings, your limbs that have fallen down, and will chip them up to a size that is used as a mulch or as a top dressing. You can make your own mulch. If you're just even using them for small pots,  you can get mulch and create a good high quality mulch and I can't think of anything better to accomplish that then a chipper-shredder. 

Farmer Fred    

Chipper shredders are great especially if you have a lot of trees on your property and you're constantly pruning your trees. Instead of throwing those branches away, chop them, shred them. Just add them to the top of your soil as a four inch layer of mulch on your soil. It moderates soil temperature, it inhibits weed production. As it breaks down it feeds the soil, making it richer. It's amazing too if you put four inches of mulch or even four inches of shredded leaves on your garden surface over the winter, and you go back in the spring you move it aside, and you dig down a few inches you'll be amazed at the number of earthworms that are saying thank you for doing that. And earthworms improve the soil too. 

Brad Gay   

But that's the fun of it. I mean I've been doing my garden for 20-25 years and I can go out and see the change. I don't have weeds, that’s one big thing. But I can actually go into my soil even after it's been watered and planted in there, I can still take my hand and kind of move it into the soil because it's porous en…

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