Efficient Coding: How the Brain Turns Sensory Floods into Focused Signals

Today we unpack the efficient coding hypothesis—the brain’s data compression strategy for sensing the world. We trace its origins with Horace Barlow, see how vision and hearing are tuned to the statistics of natural stimuli, and review how researchers test the idea with predictive models, neural recordings, and theory. A journey from retina to cortex and beyond that shows how the brain stays informative while minimizing waste.

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