OEIS A000118: Four-square representations

We trace Jacobi's four-square theorem and Ramanujan's theta-function approach, showing how every positive integer n has r_4(n) representations as a sum of four squares. From the compact formula r_4(n) = 8 σ(n) (counting order and signs) to the generating-function perspective via Jacobi theta functions, and the deep historical roots that predate the OEIS.

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