Muhammed Ali explains that Islam holds a compatibilist position between free will and determinism, where human choices (especially regarding salvation) are made freely but within Allah's will and dominion. He challenges the atheist interlocutor by arguing that atheism necessarily leads to hard determinism, which undermines moral responsibility, objective morality, and the justice system. He contrasts this with theism, which can account for rationality, objective morality, and justice because these are grounded in God, and emphasizes trusting direct experiences as certain rather than doubting everything through hyper-skepticism.
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