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The Han Dynasty: China's First Golden Age — Fexingo History

Han Dynasty State Monopoly on Salt and Iron

6 min11 juni 2026

Lucas and Luna explore the Han Dynasty's controversial state monopolies on salt and iron, implemented under Emperor Wu of Han to fund expansionist wars against the Xiongnu. They discuss the economic rationale, the fierce debates recorded in the Discourses on Salt and Iron (Yantie Lun) of 81 BCE, the role of the merchant Sang Hongyang, and the long-term consequences for imperial Chinese statecraft. How did controlling these everyday commodities transform the empire? And what did critics say about crushing private enterprise?

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