Mughal Prince Shah Shuja: Bengal's Brief Independent Sultan
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In 1657, when Emperor Shah Jahan fell ill, his four sons plunged the Mughal Empire into a bitter war of succession. Among them was Prince Shah Shuja, the governor of Bengal, who declared himself independent sultan in Dhaka and Murshidabad. This episode traces his audacious bid for the throne — from striking coins in his own name and reading the khutba as sovereign, to his eventual defeat by Aurangzeb at the Battle of Khajwa in 1659. We explore Shuja's strategic use of Bengal's wealth and distant geography, his alliance with the Arakanese kingdom of Mrauk U, and his mysterious disappearance after fleeing to the jungle. Along the way, we touch on the political culture of Mughal Bengal, the role of the Bengali aristocracy, and how Shuja's brief reign foreshadowed later regional independence movements. Specific names and concepts include: Shah Shuja, Murshidabad, Dhaka, khutba, sikka, Dara Shikoh, Aurangzeb, Murad Baksh, Khajwa, Arakan, Mrauk U, and the Mughal war of succession.
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