The Faraizi Movement: Islamic Revival in Colonial Bengal

In this episode of The History of Bangladesh, Lucas and Luna explore the Faraizi movement, a 19th-century Islamic revivalist movement that emerged among the Muslim peasantry of Bengal. Led by Haji Shariatullah and his son Dudu Miyan, the Faraizis sought to purify Islamic practice from Hindu and pre-Islamic influences, emphasizing the faraiz (obligatory duties) of Islam. The movement combined religious reform with social justice, mobilizing peasants against oppressive zamindars and indigo planters. We discuss Shariatullah's early life, his return from Mecca, the spread of the Faraizi message through Bengali folk songs and gatherings, the movement's role in the 1830s and 1840s peasant protests, and its eventual fragmentation. The episode also touches on the parallel Tariqah-i-Muhammadiya movement led by Syed Ahmad Barelvi and the impact of British colonial policies. A nuanced look at how religious reform intersected with class struggle in 19th-century Bengal.

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