The Tebhaga Movement: Bengal's Sharecroppers' Revolt of 1946
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In 1946, as India moved toward independence, the peasants of North Bengal rose up in the Tebhaga movement — a sharecroppers' revolt demanding a two-thirds share of the harvest. Led by the Bengal Provincial Kisan Sabha and figures like Kshitish Roy and Rashmoni Sarkar, the movement saw jotedars (landlords) and the colonial police pitted against armed raiyats (tenants). This episode dives into the tactic of hal chal (refusing to work), the role of the Tebhaga Panchayats (people's courts), and the brutal suppression by the Muslim League government under Khwaja Nazimuddin. The movement's legacy echoes in Bangladesh's later land reforms and peasant politics. We also explore the often-overlooked involvement of adivasi (tribal) communities like the Santals and Oraons, and the lasting impact on the agrarian landscape of the Bengal delta.
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