Nepal's 1955 Royal Succession and the Brief Reign of King Mahendra
In 1955, King Tribhuvan of Nepal died in a Swiss clinic, and his son Mahendra ascended the throne. Mahendra's reign began with a promise to uphold democracy, but within five years he dismissed the elected government, jailed political leaders, and imposed the Panchayat system—a partyless autocracy that lasted three decades. This episode traces Mahendra's early life under Rana domination, his tense relationship with his father, and the 1960 royal coup that reshaped Nepal. We examine the role of the Nepali Congress, the 1959 constitution, and the 1962 constitution that enshrined Mahendra's absolute power. Along the way, we touch on his alliance with India, his rivalry with B.P. Koirala, and the lasting legacy of a king who promised modernity but delivered isolation.
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