Argentina's 1880 Federalization: The Capital Question

In 1880, Buenos Aires was the richest province and the national capital—a contradiction that nearly tore Argentina apart. This episode unpacks the Federalization of Buenos Aires, a political earthquake that resolved the decades-long 'Capital Question' by turning the city into a federal district. We explore the 1880 revolution, the role of President Julio Argentino Roca, the military campaign that crushed the Buenos Aires rebellion, and the deal that made the city the seat of national government while stripping it of provincial power. Key figures include Carlos Tejedor, the last governor of Buenos Aires province, and Leandro Alem, whose Radical Civic Union emerged from the ashes of defeat. We also discuss the congressional debates, the compromise that created the current capital, and how this reshaped Argentina's federal structure. For listeners following Argentina's journey from colony to nation, this episode explains why Buenos Aires is both the heart of the country and a source of recurring tension.

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