The 1915 Kelantan Rebellion: To' Janggut's Uprising Against Colonial Tax

In 1915, a humble religious teacher named To' Janggut led a rebellion against British taxation in Kelantan, a state that had only come under British protection six years earlier via the 1909 Anglo-Siamese Treaty. This episode explores the story of the uprising — its causes in the imposition of land rent and a poll tax, the figure of To' Janggut (whose real name was Haji Mat Hassan bin Munas), the role of his ally Tok Selehor, and the British response led by Kelantan's first British Adviser, W.A. Graham. We also look at how the rebellion reflected deeper tensions between traditional Malay authority, Islamic leadership, and colonial administration, and how it ended with To' Janggut's death and his body being hanged in Kota Bharu. This is a tale of resistance, faith, and the high cost of colonial rule.

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