The 1915 Kelantan Rebellion: When a Sultan Defied British Rubber

In 1915, the Sultan of Kelantan, Muhammad IV, sparked a rebellion against British colonial rule when he tried to regulate the booming rubber industry. This episode dives into the little-known Kelantan Rebellion, where Malay peasants and local chiefs rose up against the British Resident, W. G. Maxwell, and the Sultan's own modernizing policies. We explore the role of the rubber boom, the forced cultivation system, the leadership of Tok Janggut (Haji Mohd. Hasan), and the brutal suppression that followed. The rebellion marked a turning point in Kelantan's integration into British Malaya and foreshadowed later anti-colonial movements. We also touch on the wider context of British economic exploitation in the East Coast states, the 1909 Anglo-Siamese Treaty that transferred Kelantan to British control, and the legacy of Tok Janggut as a folk hero.

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