ELI5 Antibodies - can you get Covid-19 antibodies from a blood transfusion?

What exactly are antibodies? Why are they talking Can you get protection from a disease through a blood transfusion from someone who has survived that same disease? What's the difference between the innate immune system and adaptive immune system? If babies get antibodies from their mother's milk, why then do they get afflicted with diseases the mother has gone through like chicken pox?

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: mhmhmh6435, freeinthewind, docnmarty, emanictp & hithergoodbye

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