ELI5 Bicycles - Why are women's bike frames different to men's?

Why do typical female bike frames have a dip in the frame, while men's have a horizontal beam? Why is the geometry of a racing bike slightly different from that of a typical bike? How about mountain bikes vs road bikes? What is gravel biking?

... We explain like i'm five!

Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community, and specifically the following reddit users whose questions and responses formed the basis of this conversation: wharrgarblll, robobenjie, iwasnotarobot, decade240 & brainflakes

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