ELI5 The Bladder - how long does liquid take to reach it?

How long does it take for water you drink to get to your bladder? If you drink more than your bladder can hold, what does your body do with the surplus liquid? How much liquid does the average bladder hold? If you need to pee, and you drink more water, why does the urge get stronger right away? What is shy bladder? What am I feeling in my bladder area when I go down a rollercoaster?

... we explain like I'm five

Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: jarlewski, goingrougeatwork, rambo_2907, veliladon, dooverdixon, raven890, imerel, brucebrowde, eric_snowmane, haurian and tourm.

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