Jerusalem 1914: The Ottoman Caliph's Holy War Declaration
In November 1914, the Ottoman Empire entered World War I, and Sultan-Caliph Mehmed V declared jihad against the Entente powers. This episode examines how that fatwa—issued from Istanbul—landed in Jerusalem, a city already simmering with nationalist tensions. Lucas and Luna explore the role of the Mufti of Jerusalem, the German-backed propaganda campaign, and the impact on Jewish, Christian, and Muslim residents. They discuss the Ottoman use of the 'Holy War' concept as a political weapon, the reaction of the Entente, and how the city's fragile intercommunal balance began to crack under war pressures. The episode also touches on the economic blockade, the conscription of Arab soldiers, and the secret British negotiations with Sharif Hussein of Mecca that would later erupt in the Arab Revolt. Through the lens of a single year, this episode reveals how Jerusalem became a frontline of a global conflict that redrew the Middle East.
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