The 1921 Passover Riots: Jaffa's Bloody Spring

In May 1921, just weeks after the Nebi Musa riots of 1920, a fresh wave of violence erupted in Jaffa that would reshape the course of Mandate Palestine. This episode focuses on the 1921 Passover riots — a five-day conflict that began with a fight between Jewish communists and socialists, then spiraled into Arab-Jewish clashes that left 47 Jews and 48 Arabs dead. We examine the role of the newly formed Haganah, the controversial response of British High Commissioner Herbert Samuel, and the aftermath: the temporary halt of Jewish immigration, the official inquiry led by Sir Thomas Haycraft, and the emergence of the Haganah as a permanent underground force. We also look at the often-overlooked Jaffa Arab community's internal dynamics, including the Arab Executive's efforts to restrain violence and the impact on the city's historic mixed neighborhoods. This is a story of miscalculation, fear, and the hardening of communal lines that would define the next decades.

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