The Ottoman Occupation of Yemen: Resistance and Retreat

This episode dives into the Ottoman Empire's two occupations of Yemen—first from 1538 to 1636, then again from 1849 to 1918. We focus on the first occupation, exploring how the Ottomans, under Özdemir Pasha, conquered Tihama and Sana'a, only to face relentless Zaidi resistance led by Imam al-Mutahhar and later Imam al-Nasir. The episode highlights the 1567 rebellion, the assassination of Mahmud Pasha, and the eventual Ottoman retreat in 1636. We also touch on the second occupation, which ended with the 1911 Treaty of Da'an and the final Ottoman withdrawal after World War I. Key figures include Özdemir Pasha, Imam al-Mutahhar, and Mahmud Pasha. The episode reveals why Yemen was called the 'graveyard of the Ottomans' and how Zaidi imams maintained de facto independence.

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