The Bloody Sunday Massacre That Started a Revolution

On January 22, 1905, a peaceful march of workers and their families converged on the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg to present a petition to Tsar Nicholas II. Led by the priest Father Georgy Gapon, they sought better working conditions, civil rights, and an end to the Russo-Japanese War. Instead, they were met with gunfire from the Imperial Guard. The Bloody Sunday massacre killed hundreds and shattered the myth of the tsar as the 'Little Father' of his people. This episode explores the events of that day, the role of Father Gapon as a complex figure who was both a genuine reformer and a police informant, and how the massacre sparked the 1905 Revolution, forcing Nicholas II to issue the October Manifesto and create the Duma. We also delve into the controversial question of who gave the order to fire, the long-term consequences for the Romanov dynasty, and how the seeds of 1917 were sown in the blood of that winter Sunday.

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