Beirut 1832: Ibrahim Pasha and the Egyptian Occupation of Lebanon

In 1832, Ibrahim Pasha, the son of Muhammad Ali of Egypt, marched into Greater Syria and began a decade-long occupation that shattered the old Ottoman order in Mount Lebanon. This episode explores how Egyptian rule brought unprecedented conscription, disarmament, and tax collection to the mountain villages, sparking the 1834 peasant revolt led by the Druze chieftain Bashir Jumblatt. We trace the rise of Ibrahim Pasha's modern army, the clash between centralized state power and local feudal autonomy, and the lasting scars left by the Egyptian withdrawal in 1840 — including the division of Mount Lebanon into two kaymakamates. Along the way, we meet the Maronite patriarch Yusuf al-Khazin, the Shihab emir Bashir II, and the British Admiral Robert Stopford who helped expel the Egyptians. This episode builds on earlier conversations about the 1840 peasant uprising and the 1860 massacres, filling in the crucial decade that set the stage for Lebanon's sectarian confessional system.

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