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The Story of Lebanon: Trade, War, and Survival — Fexingo History

Beirut 1890: The Ottoman Reforms That Built a City

8 min30 april 2026

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the transformative period of the Tanzimat reforms in late 19th-century Beirut, focusing on how Ottoman modernization shaped the city's urban fabric and society. They discuss the role of the vilayet system, the Beirut Municipal Council, and the rise of a cosmopolitan elite. Key figures include Midhat Pasha, the reformist governor who revitalized the port, and notable families like the Sursocks and Bustros. The episode also touches on the impact of the silk trade, the building of the Beirut-Damascus railway, and the founding of the Syrian Protestant College (later AUB). Lucas explains how these reforms created a unique civic identity but also sowed tensions that would later fuel nationalist movements. Luna asks about the daily life of ordinary Beiruti, and Lucas paints a vivid picture of the city's neighborhoods, cafes, and the emergence of a public sphere through newspapers like 'Al-Jinan'.

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