Beirut 1895: The Iskender Pasha Deception
In 1895, as the Ottoman Empire teetered, a single Ottoman pasha named Iskender Pasha Abro arrived in Mount Lebanon with a mission: prevent a Druze-Maronite war. This episode tells the story of how a bureaucratic sleight of hand—a census fraud that redistributed sectarian power in the kazas of Chouf and Matn—nearly ignited a sectarian inferno. Iskender Pasha, a Muslim Albanian, outmaneuvered local notables like Nasib Jumblatt and Patriarch Elias al-Huwayyik, using Ottoman legalism to pacify the mountain without firing a shot. We explore the fragile mechanisms of the mutasarrifiyya system, the legacy of the 1860 massacres, and how a census scandal became a tool of imperial survival. This is a story of deception, diplomacy, and the thin line between war and peace in late Ottoman Lebanon.
#IskenderPasha #MountLebanon #DruzeMaronite #OttomanEmpire #1895 #Mutasarrifiyya #CensusFraud #Chouf #Matn #NasibJumblatt #EliasHuwayyik #SultanAbdulhamidII #Kaza #Sectarianism #LebanonHistory #OttomanReform #FexingoHistory #History
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