Beirut 1978: The Hundred Days War
In early 1978, as Israel's Operation Litani pushed into southern Lebanon, a different battle raged in Beirut. For over three months, Syrian peacekeeping troops and the Lebanese right-wing Christian militias—the Lebanese Front—fought a brutal, block-by-block urban war that killed thousands and reshaped the city's geography. This episode of The Story of Lebanon focuses on the Hundred Days War (February–April 1978), a forgotten but pivotal chapter that saw the Achrafieh district turned into a frontline, the Syrian army shelling Christian neighborhoods, and the collapse of the tacit alliance between Syria and the Maronite establishment. We trace the political breakdown after the 1975–76 civil war, the role of Syrian President Hafez al-Assad, the rise of Bashir Gemayel's Lebanese Forces, and the ceasefire that left Beirut divided until 1990.
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