The 1969 Cairo Agreement: How Lebanon Lost Its Monopoly on Force

In 1969, Lebanon's government signed the Cairo Agreement, a secret accord that let Palestinian guerrillas operate openly from its soil. It was meant to defuse a crisis, but it quietly ended the state's monopoly on violence and set the stage for the Civil War six years later. Lucas and Luna trace how the agreement came together — the shadow of Black September, the army's refusal to fight, the role of Gamal Abdel Nasser and the Arab League — and why, even after Lebanon abrogated it in 1987, the damage was already done. Along the way: the Cairo Talks, the Mukhtara meetings, the birth of Fatahland, and the quiet collapse of a country's sovereignty. A story about how good intentions can be the most dangerous weapons of all.

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