Sweden's 1721 Treaty of Nystad: The Birth of Russian Dominance

In this episode of The History of Sweden, Lucas and Luna explore the Treaty of Nystad, signed in 1721, which ended the Great Northern War and marked Sweden's transition from a European great power to a secondary state. The conversation covers the war's final years, the negotiations led by the Swedish envoy Johan Liljenstedt and Russian representatives including Andrei Osterman, and the territorial losses that reshaped the Baltic: Ingria, Estonia, Livonia, and parts of Karelia. They discuss how the treaty forced Sweden to cede its Baltic provinces and effectively made Russia the dominant power in Northern Europe. The episode also touches on the war's human cost, the political fallout in Stockholm, and the long-term consequences for Swedish identity and foreign policy. Listeners will encounter figures like Tsar Peter the Great, Chancellor Arvid Horn, and the Swedish negotiator Carl Gyllenborg, and learn about the term 'Frihetstiden'—the Age of Liberty—that followed. A thoughtful look at a peace treaty that defined Sweden's modern boundaries.

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