Sweden's 1814 Campaign: The Last War That Made Norway

In 1814, Sweden fought its last war—a quick, almost bloodless campaign against Norway that ended centuries of conflict and reshaped Scandinavia. This episode follows Crown Prince Carl Johan (the former French Marshal Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte) as he pivots from Napoleon's fallen empire to claim Norway as compensation for losing Finland. We explore the Treaty of Kiel, the Norwegian constitutional assembly at Eidsvoll, the brief war with skirmishes at Lier and Matrand, and the Convention of Moss that created a personal union under the Swedish crown. Along the way, we consider how this episode shaped Sweden's neutralist identity and why the union with Norway lasted until 1905. Lucas and Luna also step back to reflect on the economics of ad-free history podcasting—how listener support through Buy Me a Coffee keeps shows like this going without corporate sponsors.

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